{"id":11852,"date":"2016-08-14T08:15:14","date_gmt":"2016-08-14T13:15:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/gisgeography.com\/?p=11852"},"modified":"2023-10-29T07:39:04","modified_gmt":"2023-10-29T12:39:04","slug":"choropleth-maps-data-classification","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/choropleth-maps-data-classification\/","title":{"rendered":"Choropleth Maps &#8211; A Guide to Data Classification"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>.kb-image11852_ab0f2b-8e .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-image kb-image11852_ab0f2b-8e\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"678\" height=\"337\" src=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Featured-Choropleth-Map-678x337.png\" alt=\"Choropleth Maps - Data Classification\" class=\"kb-img wp-image-11920\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Featured-Choropleth-Map-678x337.png 678w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Featured-Choropleth-Map-300x149.png 300w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Featured-Choropleth-Map-768x381.png 768w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Featured-Choropleth-Map-50x25.png 50w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Featured-Choropleth-Map-200x99.png 200w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Featured-Choropleth-Map-425x211.png 425w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Featured-Choropleth-Map-550x273.png 550w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Featured-Choropleth-Map-115x57.png 115w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Featured-Choropleth-Map-850x422.png 850w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Featured-Choropleth-Map-312x155.png 312w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Featured-Choropleth-Map.png 1021w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 678px) 100vw, 678px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What is a Choropleth Maps?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A choropleth map uses different shading and colors based on quantitative data. But the problem with choropleth maps is: There are <em>so<\/em> many ways to <strong>classify your data<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For example, there are <a href=\"http:\/\/gisgeography.com\/equal-interval-classification-gis\/\">equal intervals<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/quantile-classification-gis\/\">quantile<\/a>, natural breaks, and pretty breaks. But what&#8217;s the difference between each of them?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Today, you&#8217;ll learn how to pick the best way to classify your data in <strong>choropleth maps<\/strong> in our <strong>guide to data classification<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading11852_ca0279-5a, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading11852_ca0279-5a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading11852_ca0279-5a\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading11852_ca0279-5a mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading11852_ca0279-5a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading11852_ca0279-5a\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading11852_ca0279-5a img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading11852_ca0279-5a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading11852_ca0279-5a\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h3 class=\"kt-adv-heading11852_ca0279-5a wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading11852_ca0279-5a\">Quick Summary<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Although each classification method has its strengths and weaknesses,  the choice should be based on the data&#8217;s distribution. But it can also include the specific goals of your analysis and the visual representation you want to achieve.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here is a breakdown of the three most common types of data classification methods:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Aspect<\/th><th>Equal Intervals<\/th><th>Quantile<\/th><th>Natural Breaks<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Definition<\/strong><\/td><td>Divides data range into equal intervals<\/td><td>Divides data into equal numbers of data points<\/td><td>Finds natural groupings based on data distribution<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Application<\/strong><\/td><td>Suitable for data with uniform distribution<\/td><td>Useful for reducing extreme values&#8217; impact<\/td><td>Effective for highly skewed data<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Sensitivity to Extremes<\/strong><\/td><td>May not represent data distribution well<\/td><td>Helps mitigate impact of outliers<\/td><td>Adjusts intervals around natural clusters<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Class Counts<\/strong><\/td><td>Intervals may result in uneven class sizes<\/td><td>Class sizes can vary depending on data<\/td><td>Tends to create classes with varying counts<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Data Spread<\/strong><\/td><td>May not reflect data variability<\/td><td>Can capture variability of data<\/td><td>Considers data distribution for class ranges<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Interpretability<\/strong><\/td><td>Simplistic, easy to understand<\/td><td>Can obscure data distribution<\/td><td>Reflects underlying data patterns<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Visualization<\/strong><\/td><td>May not capture nuances in data<\/td><td>Might not visually represent data well<\/td><td>Reflects data clustering visually<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Decision-making<\/strong><\/td><td>Less informed decisions due to equal intervals<\/td><td>May not reveal subtle patterns<\/td><td>Reveals inherent data groups<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 1. Choose Your Number of Classes<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>First, you must aggregate data based on several classes. When you have more classes, you get more variation sometimes making it harder to separate shading. If you want to test out different shading, <a href=\"http:\/\/colorbrewer2.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ColorBrewer<\/a> has a tool for color advice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For example, here are <strong>10 classes<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"91\" height=\"186\" src=\"http:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/10-classes.png\" alt=\"10 classes\" class=\"wp-image-11922\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/10-classes.png 91w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/10-classes-24x50.png 24w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/10-classes-76x155.png 76w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 91px) 100vw, 91px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>While fewer classes provide less separation between classes such as <strong>5 classes<\/strong> below.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"89\" height=\"88\" src=\"http:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/5-classes.png\" alt=\"5 classes\" class=\"wp-image-11923\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/5-classes.png 89w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/5-classes-50x50.png 50w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 89px) 100vw, 89px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>After all, the number of classes you decide on really depends on the purpose of your map.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 2. Select Your Data Classification Method<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Second, you will have to decide how to classify your data. To put it another way, data classification arranges your data with boundaries to separate classes. You could separate your classes with an equal interval mode:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"308\" height=\"194\" src=\"http:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Equal-Intervals-Histogram.png\" alt=\"Equal Intervals Histogram\" class=\"wp-image-11924\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Equal-Intervals-Histogram.png 308w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Equal-Intervals-Histogram-300x189.png 300w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Equal-Intervals-Histogram-50x31.png 50w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Equal-Intervals-Histogram-200x126.png 200w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Equal-Intervals-Histogram-115x72.png 115w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Equal-Intervals-Histogram-246x155.png 246w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 308px) 100vw, 308px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Alternatively, you could select a quantile type of classifier that arranges data differently (more on this below)<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"308\" height=\"194\" src=\"http:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Quantile-Histogram.png\" alt=\"Quantile Histogram\" class=\"wp-image-11925\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Quantile-Histogram.png 308w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Quantile-Histogram-300x189.png 300w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Quantile-Histogram-50x31.png 50w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Quantile-Histogram-200x126.png 200w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Quantile-Histogram-115x72.png 115w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Quantile-Histogram-246x155.png 246w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 308px) 100vw, 308px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Each data classification technique produces unique <strong>choropleth maps<\/strong>. But they all paint a different story to the map reader. The one thing you must realize is that you&#8217;re using the <strong>same data<\/strong> in each choropleth map, but what&#8217;s really changing is <strong>how you classify the data<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 3. Creating a Choropleth Map<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The most important thing you have to realize is that for each of these choropleth maps we create, we use the <strong>same data<\/strong>. What&#8217;s changing is how we classify the data.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In this example, we count the number of letters in country names. For example:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Mali, Cuba, Peru, and others are <strong>four letter countries<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Whereas, Bosnia and Herzegovina has 22 characters.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>If you plot out 4 to 22 characters, it will have a lot of colors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For example, the four-letter countries are the lightest shades of green. As the letter count increases, the shading gets darker.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"678\" height=\"304\" src=\"http:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/All-Classes-Map-678x304.png\" alt=\"Choropleth Map\" class=\"wp-image-11868\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/All-Classes-Map-678x304.png 678w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/All-Classes-Map-300x134.png 300w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/All-Classes-Map-768x344.png 768w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/All-Classes-Map-50x22.png 50w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/All-Classes-Map-80x35.png 80w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/All-Classes-Map-200x90.png 200w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/All-Classes-Map-425x190.png 425w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/All-Classes-Map-550x246.png 550w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/All-Classes-Map-115x52.png 115w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/All-Classes-Map-850x381.png 850w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/All-Classes-Map-346x155.png 346w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/All-Classes-Map.png 1000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 678px) 100vw, 678px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Which country belongs to which group? It&#8217;s hard to tell because there are so many colors to differentiate each one.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>So this is why we use data classification. When we group by classes, there&#8217;s less shading and we aggregate the data by group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ultimately, the question is how do we define those class boundaries or bins? In other words, how do we <strong>classify the data<\/strong> into groups?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>First, let&#8217;s try dividing classes into evenly-spaced groupings like equal intervals below and see what happens.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Option 1. Equal Interval Data Classification<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The equal interval classification is cut and dry. All it really does is <strong>divide the classes into equal groups<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"308\" height=\"194\" src=\"http:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Equal-Intervals-Histogram.png\" alt=\"Equal Intervals Histogram\" class=\"wp-image-11924\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Equal-Intervals-Histogram.png 308w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Equal-Intervals-Histogram-300x189.png 300w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Equal-Intervals-Histogram-50x31.png 50w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Equal-Intervals-Histogram-200x126.png 200w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Equal-Intervals-Histogram-115x72.png 115w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Equal-Intervals-Histogram-246x155.png 246w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 308px) 100vw, 308px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Class 1<\/strong>: 4 &#8211; 8 (113 countries have four, five, six, seven, or eight letters)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Class 2<\/strong>: 8 &#8211; 12 (41)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Class 3<\/strong>: 12 &#8211; 16 (12)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Class 4<\/strong>: 16 &#8211; 20 (8)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Class 5<\/strong>: 20 &#8211; 24 (2)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>minimum number of characters of a country is 4<\/strong> such as Peru. The <strong>maximum number of characters is 24<\/strong>, which is the Central African Republic. When you plot each country and its number of characters on a map, it looks like this (the brackets indicate the count):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"316\" src=\"http:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Equal-Intervals-Choropleth-Map-1.png\" alt=\"Equal Intervals Choropleth Map\" class=\"wp-image-11926\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Equal-Intervals-Choropleth-Map-1.png 640w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Equal-Intervals-Choropleth-Map-1-300x148.png 300w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Equal-Intervals-Choropleth-Map-1-50x25.png 50w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Equal-Intervals-Choropleth-Map-1-200x99.png 200w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Equal-Intervals-Choropleth-Map-1-425x210.png 425w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Equal-Intervals-Choropleth-Map-1-550x272.png 550w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Equal-Intervals-Choropleth-Map-1-115x57.png 115w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Equal-Intervals-Choropleth-Map-1-314x155.png 314w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Equal interval data classification subtracts the maximum value from the minimum value (<strong>24-4=20<\/strong>). In our example, we generated 5 classes but the number of classes is entirely up to you. Then, it divides 20 by 5 and you get an interval (<strong>20\/5=4<\/strong>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Almost always, equal interval choropleth maps result in an <strong>unequal count of countries per class<\/strong>. For example, class 1 has <strong>113 countries<\/strong> out of 176 countries with four, five, six, and seven letters.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, only 2 countries have more than 20 letters. As a result, this map displays more light-shaded colors compared to only 2 with dark shading.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But what happens if you want the count of countries in each class to be close to equal? That&#8217;s when you should use a quantile map.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Option 2. Quantile (Equal Count) Classification<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>quantile map<\/strong> tries to bin the same count of features in each of the 5 classes. In other words, quantile maps try <strong>to arrange groups so they have the same quantity<\/strong>. As a result, the shading will look equally distributed in quantile types of maps.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"308\" height=\"194\" src=\"http:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Quantile-Histogram.png\" alt=\"Quantile Histogram\" class=\"wp-image-11925\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Quantile-Histogram.png 308w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Quantile-Histogram-300x189.png 300w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Quantile-Histogram-50x31.png 50w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Quantile-Histogram-200x126.png 200w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Quantile-Histogram-115x72.png 115w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Quantile-Histogram-246x155.png 246w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 308px) 100vw, 308px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Class 1<\/strong>: 4 &#8211; 6 (56 countries have 4, 5 or 6-letter names)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Class 2<\/strong>: 6 &#8211; 7 (38)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Class 3<\/strong>: 7 &#8211; 8 (19)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Class 4<\/strong>: 9 &#8211; 11 (36)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Class 5<\/strong>: 12 &#8211; 24 (27)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Quantile maps take the number of features (176 countries in our case). Then, it divides the total by the number of classes to get the average (<strong>176\/5=35.2<\/strong>). Finally, quantile maps count the quantity in each group and arrange them as close to the average as possible.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"642\" height=\"316\" src=\"http:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Quantile-Choropleth-Map-1.png\" alt=\"Quantile Choropleth Map\" class=\"wp-image-11927\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Quantile-Choropleth-Map-1.png 642w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Quantile-Choropleth-Map-1-300x148.png 300w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Quantile-Choropleth-Map-1-50x25.png 50w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Quantile-Choropleth-Map-1-200x98.png 200w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Quantile-Choropleth-Map-1-425x209.png 425w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Quantile-Choropleth-Map-1-550x271.png 550w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Quantile-Choropleth-Map-1-115x57.png 115w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Quantile-Choropleth-Map-1-315x155.png 315w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 642px) 100vw, 642px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>You can see how the count of each class looks very similar and are <strong>close to 35.2<\/strong>. For each class, there are not too many or too few for the count.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Despite the balanced style in quantile choropleth maps, they can also be misleading. They are misleading because people tend to look at one of the shades and group it in the same category. For example, a 12-letter country gets the same dark shading as a 24-letter country&#8230; and <em>where&#8217;s the justice in that?<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Option 3. Natural Breaks (Jenks) Classification<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The first thing to remember about the Natural Breaks (Jenks) classification is that it is an optimization method for choropleth maps. In short, it arranges each grouping so there is <strong>less variation in each class<\/strong> or shading.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"308\" height=\"194\" src=\"http:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Natural-Breaks-Histogram.png\" alt=\"Natural Breaks Histogram\" class=\"wp-image-11949\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Natural-Breaks-Histogram.png 308w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Natural-Breaks-Histogram-300x189.png 300w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Natural-Breaks-Histogram-50x31.png 50w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Natural-Breaks-Histogram-200x126.png 200w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Natural-Breaks-Histogram-115x72.png 115w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Natural-Breaks-Histogram-246x155.png 246w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 308px) 100vw, 308px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Class 1<\/strong>: 4 &#8211; 6 (56)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Class 2<\/strong>: 6 &#8211; 8 (57)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Class 3<\/strong>: 8 &#8211; 12 (41)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Class 4<\/strong>: 12 &#8211; 18 (18)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Class 5<\/strong>: 18 &#8211; 24 (4)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Natural Breaks (Jenks) takes an iterative approach by comparing the sum of squared deviations between classes to the array mean. Then, the algorithm uses a goodness of variance fit with 1 as a perfect fit and 0 as a poor fit.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"316\" src=\"http:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Natural-Breaks-Jenks-Choropleth-Map-1.png\" alt=\"Natural Breaks Jenks Choropleth Map\" class=\"wp-image-11947\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Natural-Breaks-Jenks-Choropleth-Map-1.png 640w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Natural-Breaks-Jenks-Choropleth-Map-1-300x148.png 300w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Natural-Breaks-Jenks-Choropleth-Map-1-50x25.png 50w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Natural-Breaks-Jenks-Choropleth-Map-1-200x99.png 200w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Natural-Breaks-Jenks-Choropleth-Map-1-425x210.png 425w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Natural-Breaks-Jenks-Choropleth-Map-1-550x272.png 550w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Natural-Breaks-Jenks-Choropleth-Map-1-115x57.png 115w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Natural-Breaks-Jenks-Choropleth-Map-1-314x155.png 314w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>The founder of the Natural Breaks data classification method was a cartographer by the name of George Frederick Jenks. He specialized in monitoring the eye movements of people when looking at a map. And the results for this map looked great too.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>You can see how this data classification method <strong>minimizes variation in each group<\/strong>. As we have lots of shorter country names, it finds suitable class ranges. But it still manages to group outliers with longer country names in a class of its own.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Option 4. Standard Deviation Classification<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Standard deviation is a statistical technique type of map based on how much the data differs from the mean. You measure the mean and standard deviation for your data. Then, <strong>each standard deviation becomes a class<\/strong> in your choropleth maps.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"308\" height=\"194\" src=\"http:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Standard-Deviations-Histogram.png\" alt=\"Standard Deviations Histogram\" class=\"wp-image-11956\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Standard-Deviations-Histogram.png 308w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Standard-Deviations-Histogram-300x189.png 300w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Standard-Deviations-Histogram-50x31.png 50w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Standard-Deviations-Histogram-200x126.png 200w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Standard-Deviations-Histogram-115x72.png 115w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Standard-Deviations-Histogram-246x155.png 246w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 308px) 100vw, 308px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>In our case, the mean number of characters is about 8.5 with a standard deviation of 3.7 characters. As a result, all countries with 5 to 8 characters will be placed in the 0 to -1 standard deviation grouping. Likewise, countries with 9 to 12 letters are grouped in 0 to 1 standard deviation range like this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"316\" src=\"http:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Standard-Deviations-Map.png\" alt=\"Standard Deviations Map\" class=\"wp-image-11954\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Standard-Deviations-Map.png 640w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Standard-Deviations-Map-300x148.png 300w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Standard-Deviations-Map-50x25.png 50w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Standard-Deviations-Map-200x99.png 200w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Standard-Deviations-Map-425x210.png 425w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Standard-Deviations-Map-550x272.png 550w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Standard-Deviations-Map-115x57.png 115w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Standard-Deviations-Map-314x155.png 314w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Class 1<\/strong>: &lt;-1 \u03c3 (9)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Class 2<\/strong>: -1 to 0 \u03c3 (104)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Class 3<\/strong>: 0 to 1 \u03c3 (41)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Class 4<\/strong>: 1 to 2 \u03c3 (10)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Class 5<\/strong>: 2 to 3 \u03c3 (9)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Class 6<\/strong>: 3 to 4 \u03c3 (2)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Class 7<\/strong>: &gt;=4 \u03c3 (1)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The raw categories as output need a bit of clarification to the reader. What is the average? What is the range for each standard deviation?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Despite these inconsistencies, standard deviation types of maps might be one of the most appropriate <strong>because of their<\/strong> statistical origin. All the 4 letter countries are &lt;-1 standard deviation. Countries with 5 to 8 letters are -1 to 0 standard deviations. The one 24-letter country is &gt;4 standard deviations because of its extreme deviation from the mean of 8.5.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Option 5. Pretty Breaks Classification<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>If you want <strong>round numbers<\/strong> in your ranges, then you should choose pretty breaks. All &#8220;pretty breaks&#8221; classification does is round each break-point up or down. So instead of having a breakpoint of 599.364, it will become 600,000 with pretty breaks.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"308\" height=\"194\" src=\"http:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Pretty-Breaks-Histogram.png\" alt=\"Pretty Breaks Histogram\" class=\"wp-image-11958\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Pretty-Breaks-Histogram.png 308w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Pretty-Breaks-Histogram-300x189.png 300w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Pretty-Breaks-Histogram-50x31.png 50w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Pretty-Breaks-Histogram-200x126.png 200w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Pretty-Breaks-Histogram-115x72.png 115w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Pretty-Breaks-Histogram-246x155.png 246w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 308px) 100vw, 308px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>It&#8217;s a bit hard to see how round the numbers are (it&#8217;s grouping by 5&#8217;s) in this example because all the examples above also produce round numbers. But when you have large numbers like population estimates (see below), it will generate some very pretty breaks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Class 1<\/strong>: 4 &#8211; 5 (29)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Class 2<\/strong>: 5 &#8211; 10 (111)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Class 3<\/strong>: 10 &#8211; 15 (24)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Class 4<\/strong>: 15 &#8211; 20 (10)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Class 5<\/strong>: 20 &#8211; 24 (2)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"316\" src=\"http:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Pretty-Breaks-Choropleth-Map.png\" alt=\"Pretty Breaks Choropleth Map\" class=\"wp-image-11959\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Pretty-Breaks-Choropleth-Map.png 640w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Pretty-Breaks-Choropleth-Map-300x148.png 300w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Pretty-Breaks-Choropleth-Map-50x25.png 50w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Pretty-Breaks-Choropleth-Map-200x99.png 200w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Pretty-Breaks-Choropleth-Map-425x210.png 425w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Pretty-Breaks-Choropleth-Map-550x272.png 550w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Pretty-Breaks-Choropleth-Map-115x57.png 115w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Pretty-Breaks-Choropleth-Map-314x155.png 314w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>As a result of making rounded numbers, pretty breaks will also be very picky about the number of classes you decide.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Data Classification Types<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Here&#8217;s how population estimates compare when you look at all the data classification techniques:<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id11852_44ca07-16 > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id11852_44ca07-16 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id11852_44ca07-16 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}.kb-row-layout-id11852_44ca07-16 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id11852_44ca07-16 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id11852_44ca07-16 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id11852_44ca07-16 alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column11852_dfcafe-43 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column11852_dfcafe-43 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column11852_dfcafe-43 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column11852_dfcafe-43 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column11852_dfcafe-43 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column11852_dfcafe-43 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column11852_dfcafe-43{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column11852_dfcafe-43 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column11852_dfcafe-43 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column11852_dfcafe-43 inner-column-1\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<p>Equal Interval:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"167\" height=\"88\" src=\"http:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Equal-Interval-Legend.png\" alt=\"Equal Interval Legend\" class=\"wp-image-11961\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Equal-Interval-Legend.png 167w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Equal-Interval-Legend-50x26.png 50w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Equal-Interval-Legend-135x70.png 135w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Equal-Interval-Legend-115x61.png 115w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 167px) 100vw, 167px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column11852_533733-e3 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column11852_533733-e3 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column11852_533733-e3 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column11852_533733-e3 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column11852_533733-e3 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column11852_533733-e3 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column11852_533733-e3{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column11852_533733-e3 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column11852_533733-e3 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column11852_533733-e3 inner-column-2\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<p>Quantile:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"167\" height=\"88\" src=\"http:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Quantile-Legend.png\" alt=\"Quantile Legend\" class=\"wp-image-11962\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Quantile-Legend.png 167w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Quantile-Legend-50x26.png 50w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Quantile-Legend-135x70.png 135w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Quantile-Legend-115x61.png 115w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 167px) 100vw, 167px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id11852_54e4a0-57 > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id11852_54e4a0-57 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id11852_54e4a0-57 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}.kb-row-layout-id11852_54e4a0-57 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id11852_54e4a0-57 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id11852_54e4a0-57 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id11852_54e4a0-57 alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column11852_aee3f5-2a > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column11852_aee3f5-2a > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column11852_aee3f5-2a > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column11852_aee3f5-2a > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column11852_aee3f5-2a > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column11852_aee3f5-2a > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column11852_aee3f5-2a{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column11852_aee3f5-2a > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column11852_aee3f5-2a > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column11852_aee3f5-2a inner-column-1\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<p>Natural Breaks (Jenks):<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"167\" height=\"88\" src=\"http:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Natural-Breaks-Legend.png\" alt=\"Natural Breaks Legend\" class=\"wp-image-11963\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Natural-Breaks-Legend.png 167w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Natural-Breaks-Legend-50x26.png 50w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Natural-Breaks-Legend-135x70.png 135w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Natural-Breaks-Legend-115x61.png 115w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 167px) 100vw, 167px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column11852_71c85b-fb > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column11852_71c85b-fb > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column11852_71c85b-fb > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column11852_71c85b-fb > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column11852_71c85b-fb > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column11852_71c85b-fb > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column11852_71c85b-fb{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column11852_71c85b-fb > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column11852_71c85b-fb > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column11852_71c85b-fb inner-column-2\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<p>Pretty Breaks. Now <em>that&#8217;s pretty<\/em>:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"172\" height=\"123\" src=\"http:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Pretty-Breaks-Legend.png\" alt=\"Pretty Breaks Legend\" class=\"wp-image-11964\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Pretty-Breaks-Legend.png 172w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Pretty-Breaks-Legend-50x36.png 50w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Pretty-Breaks-Legend-115x82.png 115w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 172px) 100vw, 172px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Data Classification: Try It Out Yourself<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Choropleth maps use different shading and coloring to display the quantity or value in defined areas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Often the case, the map maker uses a type of <strong>data classification<\/strong> to produce its own unique <strong>choropleth map<\/strong>. Each data classification method impacts the reader differently.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There are several ways to classify data in a GIS. We&#8217;ve outlined their differences with different examples for choropleth maps. Use this guide to classify practically anything like crime rates, levels of education, and politics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>What is your favorite data classification method? Let us know with a comment below.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Equal intervals, quantile, natural breaks, pretty breaks- data classification methods generate different choropleth maps. We explain the types of maps here.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":11920,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_kad_post_transparent":"default","_kad_post_title":"default","_kad_post_layout":"default","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"default","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"default","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[108],"tags":[525],"class_list":["post-11852","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-maps-cartography","tag-map-design"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Choropleth Maps - A Guide to Data Classification - GIS Geography<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Equal intervals, quantile, natural breaks, pretty breaks- data classification methods generate different choropleth maps. We explain the types of maps here.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/choropleth-maps-data-classification\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Choropleth Maps - A Guide to Data Classification - GIS Geography\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Equal intervals, quantile, natural breaks, pretty breaks- data classification methods generate different choropleth maps. 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