{"id":45557,"date":"2020-11-10T20:05:10","date_gmt":"2020-11-11T02:05:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/?p=45557"},"modified":"2025-04-05T07:55:58","modified_gmt":"2025-04-05T12:55:58","slug":"3d-analysis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/3d-analysis\/","title":{"rendered":"3D Analysis Tools in GIS &#8211; Bend It in 3D"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>.kb-image45557_8b3a53-31 .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;}<\/style>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-kadence-image kb-image45557_8b3a53-31 size-medium_large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"482\" src=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/3D-Analysis-Feature-1-768x482.png\" alt=\"3D Analysis Feature\" class=\"kb-img wp-image-45629\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/3D-Analysis-Feature-1-768x482.png 768w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/3D-Analysis-Feature-1-300x188.png 300w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/3D-Analysis-Feature-1-678x425.png 678w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/3D-Analysis-Feature-1-50x31.png 50w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/3D-Analysis-Feature-1-200x125.png 200w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/3D-Analysis-Feature-1-425x267.png 425w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/3D-Analysis-Feature-1-550x345.png 550w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/3D-Analysis-Feature-1-115x72.png 115w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/3D-Analysis-Feature-1-360x226.png 360w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/3D-Analysis-Feature-1.png 1175w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3D Analysis Tools in GIS<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3D analysis<\/strong> has been a growing trend in GIS because it&#8217;s a better representation of the real world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It&#8217;s not only for a pretty picture. For some types of problems, 3D analysis is sometimes the only way you can solve them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There has also been an explosion in 3D data types driving this demand. For example, <a href=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/lidar-light-detection-and-ranging\/\">LiDAR<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/indoor-mapping\/\">BIM<\/a>, UAV, textured meshes, <a href=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/what-is-photogrammetry\/\">photogrammetry<\/a>, boreholes, <a href=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/internet-of-things-iot\/\">IoT<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/augmented-reality-applications-gis\/\">augmented reality<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/synthetic-aperture-radar-examples\/\">InSAR<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/space-time-cubes\/\">space-time cubes<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/indoor-mapping\/\">indoor mapping<\/a> are examples of 3D data.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But what kind of tools are available? Here are some of the common types of 3D analysis in GIS.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3D Geometric Analysis<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>These 3D tools perform overlay and proximity analysis in 3D based on the geometry of the features.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id45557_88f608-f4 > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id45557_88f608-f4 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id45557_88f608-f4 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:50px;grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}.kb-row-layout-id45557_88f608-f4 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id45557_88f608-f4 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id45557_88f608-f4 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id45557_88f608-f4 alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column45557_d44bf5-b2 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column45557_d44bf5-b2 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column45557_d44bf5-b2 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column45557_d44bf5-b2 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column45557_d44bf5-b2 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column45557_d44bf5-b2 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column45557_d44bf5-b2{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column45557_d44bf5-b2 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column45557_d44bf5-b2 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column45557_d44bf5-b2 inner-column-1\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading45557_e31eb8-08, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading45557_e31eb8-08[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading45557_e31eb8-08\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading45557_e31eb8-08 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading45557_e31eb8-08[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading45557_e31eb8-08\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading45557_e31eb8-08 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading45557_e31eb8-08[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading45557_e31eb8-08\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h4 class=\"kt-adv-heading45557_e31eb8-08 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading45557_e31eb8-08\">1. Buffer 3D<\/h4>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"425\" height=\"245\" src=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Buffer-3D-0-425x245.png\" alt=\"Buffer 3D\" class=\"wp-image-45566\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Buffer-3D-0-425x245.png 425w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Buffer-3D-0-300x173.png 300w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Buffer-3D-0-678x391.png 678w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Buffer-3D-0-768x443.png 768w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Buffer-3D-0-50x29.png 50w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Buffer-3D-0-200x115.png 200w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Buffer-3D-0-550x317.png 550w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Buffer-3D-0-115x66.png 115w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Buffer-3D-0-360x208.png 360w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Buffer-3D-0.png 1000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 425px) 100vw, 425px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>The 3D buffer tool builds a 3-dimensional buffer around points, polylines, or polygons.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column45557_a3eaee-dd > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column45557_a3eaee-dd > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column45557_a3eaee-dd > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column45557_a3eaee-dd > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column45557_a3eaee-dd > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column45557_a3eaee-dd > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column45557_a3eaee-dd{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column45557_a3eaee-dd > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column45557_a3eaee-dd > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column45557_a3eaee-dd inner-column-2\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading45557_4256fe-9a, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading45557_4256fe-9a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading45557_4256fe-9a\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading45557_4256fe-9a mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading45557_4256fe-9a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading45557_4256fe-9a\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading45557_4256fe-9a img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading45557_4256fe-9a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading45557_4256fe-9a\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h4 class=\"kt-adv-heading45557_4256fe-9a wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading45557_4256fe-9a\">2. Intersect 3D<\/h4>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"678\" height=\"391\" src=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Intersect-3D-678x391.jpg\" alt=\"Intersect 3D\" class=\"wp-image-97454\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Intersect-3D-678x391.jpg 678w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Intersect-3D-300x173.jpg 300w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Intersect-3D-768x443.jpg 768w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Intersect-3D.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 678px) 100vw, 678px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>The 3D intersect tool performs the intersection of 3-dimensional features maintaining overlapping features.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id45557_606e08-9f > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id45557_606e08-9f > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id45557_606e08-9f > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:50px;grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}.kb-row-layout-id45557_606e08-9f > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id45557_606e08-9f > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id45557_606e08-9f > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id45557_606e08-9f alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column45557_ee389d-9a > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column45557_ee389d-9a > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column45557_ee389d-9a > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column45557_ee389d-9a > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column45557_ee389d-9a > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column45557_ee389d-9a > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column45557_ee389d-9a{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column45557_ee389d-9a > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column45557_ee389d-9a > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column45557_ee389d-9a inner-column-1\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading45557_fd7b72-9e, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading45557_fd7b72-9e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading45557_fd7b72-9e\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading45557_fd7b72-9e mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading45557_fd7b72-9e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading45557_fd7b72-9e\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading45557_fd7b72-9e img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading45557_fd7b72-9e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading45557_fd7b72-9e\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h4 class=\"kt-adv-heading45557_fd7b72-9e wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading45557_fd7b72-9e\">3. Near 3D<\/h4>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"678\" height=\"391\" src=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Near-3D-678x391.jpg\" alt=\"Near 3D\" class=\"wp-image-97459\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Near-3D-678x391.jpg 678w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Near-3D-300x173.jpg 300w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Near-3D-768x443.jpg 768w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Near-3D.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 678px) 100vw, 678px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>The Near 3D tool measures the distance in three dimensions from each input feature to the nearest feature.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column45557_bf674b-48 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column45557_bf674b-48 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column45557_bf674b-48 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column45557_bf674b-48 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column45557_bf674b-48 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column45557_bf674b-48 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column45557_bf674b-48{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column45557_bf674b-48 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column45557_bf674b-48 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column45557_bf674b-48 inner-column-2\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading45557_85401a-28, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading45557_85401a-28[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading45557_85401a-28\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading45557_85401a-28 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading45557_85401a-28[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading45557_85401a-28\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading45557_85401a-28 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading45557_85401a-28[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading45557_85401a-28\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h4 class=\"kt-adv-heading45557_85401a-28 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading45557_85401a-28\">4. Inside 3D<\/h4>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"678\" height=\"391\" src=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Inside-3D-678x391.jpg\" alt=\"Inside 3D\" class=\"wp-image-97457\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Inside-3D-678x391.jpg 678w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Inside-3D-300x173.jpg 300w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Inside-3D-768x443.jpg 768w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Inside-3D.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 678px) 100vw, 678px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>The Inside 3D tool identifies any features that are inside or partially inside a 3D feature class.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id45557_2a72d7-5c > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id45557_2a72d7-5c > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id45557_2a72d7-5c > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}.kb-row-layout-id45557_2a72d7-5c > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id45557_2a72d7-5c > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id45557_2a72d7-5c > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id45557_2a72d7-5c alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column45557_68f773-c5 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column45557_68f773-c5 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column45557_68f773-c5 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column45557_68f773-c5 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column45557_68f773-c5 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column45557_68f773-c5 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column45557_68f773-c5{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column45557_68f773-c5 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column45557_68f773-c5 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column45557_68f773-c5 inner-column-1\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading45557_88587c-8c, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading45557_88587c-8c[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading45557_88587c-8c\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading45557_88587c-8c mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading45557_88587c-8c[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading45557_88587c-8c\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading45557_88587c-8c img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading45557_88587c-8c[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading45557_88587c-8c\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h4 class=\"kt-adv-heading45557_88587c-8c wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading45557_88587c-8c\">5. Union 3D<\/h4>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"678\" height=\"391\" src=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Union-3D-678x391.jpg\" alt=\"Union 3D\" class=\"wp-image-97458\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Union-3D-678x391.jpg 678w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Union-3D-300x173.jpg 300w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Union-3D-768x443.jpg 768w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Union-3D.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 678px) 100vw, 678px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>The 3D union tool combines input data layers into a single composite layer, preserving the boundaries and attributes from all input features.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column45557_fac723-fb > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column45557_fac723-fb > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column45557_fac723-fb > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column45557_fac723-fb > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column45557_fac723-fb > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column45557_fac723-fb > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column45557_fac723-fb{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column45557_fac723-fb > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column45557_fac723-fb > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column45557_fac723-fb inner-column-2\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Visibility and Points of Observation<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>This group of 3D tools focuses on what&#8217;s visible from an observer&#8217;s point of view. These tools are standard in the military, city planning, and other industries.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id45557_c78dcd-0a > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id45557_c78dcd-0a > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id45557_c78dcd-0a > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:50px;grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}.kb-row-layout-id45557_c78dcd-0a > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id45557_c78dcd-0a > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id45557_c78dcd-0a > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id45557_c78dcd-0a alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column45557_6cb4de-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column45557_6cb4de-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column45557_6cb4de-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column45557_6cb4de-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column45557_6cb4de-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column45557_6cb4de-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column45557_6cb4de-1c{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column45557_6cb4de-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column45557_6cb4de-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column45557_6cb4de-1c inner-column-1\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading45557_0c57a4-90, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading45557_0c57a4-90[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading45557_0c57a4-90\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading45557_0c57a4-90 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading45557_0c57a4-90[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading45557_0c57a4-90\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading45557_0c57a4-90 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading45557_0c57a4-90[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading45557_0c57a4-90\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h4 class=\"kt-adv-heading45557_0c57a4-90 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading45557_0c57a4-90\">6. Line of Sight<br><\/h4>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"550\" height=\"317\" src=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Line-of-Sight-Analysis-Tool-550x317.png\" alt=\"Line of Sight\" class=\"wp-image-45613\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Line-of-Sight-Analysis-Tool-550x317.png 550w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Line-of-Sight-Analysis-Tool-300x173.png 300w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Line-of-Sight-Analysis-Tool-678x391.png 678w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Line-of-Sight-Analysis-Tool-768x443.png 768w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Line-of-Sight-Analysis-Tool-50x29.png 50w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Line-of-Sight-Analysis-Tool-200x115.png 200w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Line-of-Sight-Analysis-Tool-425x245.png 425w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Line-of-Sight-Analysis-Tool-115x66.png 115w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Line-of-Sight-Analysis-Tool-1265x729.png 1265w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Line-of-Sight-Analysis-Tool-360x208.png 360w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Line-of-Sight-Analysis-Tool.png 1500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>The line of sight tool identifies obstruction and non-obstruction parts of a straight line from an observer.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column45557_1d9bed-d4 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column45557_1d9bed-d4 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column45557_1d9bed-d4 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column45557_1d9bed-d4 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column45557_1d9bed-d4 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column45557_1d9bed-d4 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column45557_1d9bed-d4{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column45557_1d9bed-d4 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column45557_1d9bed-d4 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column45557_1d9bed-d4 inner-column-2\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading45557_57b629-48, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading45557_57b629-48[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading45557_57b629-48\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading45557_57b629-48 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading45557_57b629-48[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading45557_57b629-48\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading45557_57b629-48 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading45557_57b629-48[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading45557_57b629-48\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h4 class=\"kt-adv-heading45557_57b629-48 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading45557_57b629-48\">7. Shadow Analysis<\/h4>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"550\" height=\"317\" src=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Shadow-Tool-550x317.png\" alt=\"Shadow Tool\" class=\"wp-image-45614\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Shadow-Tool-550x317.png 550w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Shadow-Tool-300x173.png 300w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Shadow-Tool-678x391.png 678w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Shadow-Tool-768x443.png 768w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Shadow-Tool-50x29.png 50w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Shadow-Tool-200x115.png 200w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Shadow-Tool-425x245.png 425w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Shadow-Tool-115x66.png 115w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Shadow-Tool-1265x729.png 1265w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Shadow-Tool-360x208.png 360w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Shadow-Tool.png 1500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Shadow analysis evaluates the amount of shadow and impact of the proposed building in an urban setting.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id45557_1c3fc1-8b > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id45557_1c3fc1-8b > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id45557_1c3fc1-8b > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}.kb-row-layout-id45557_1c3fc1-8b > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id45557_1c3fc1-8b > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id45557_1c3fc1-8b > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id45557_1c3fc1-8b alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column45557_bb9c1f-63 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column45557_bb9c1f-63 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column45557_bb9c1f-63 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column45557_bb9c1f-63 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column45557_bb9c1f-63 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column45557_bb9c1f-63 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column45557_bb9c1f-63{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column45557_bb9c1f-63 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column45557_bb9c1f-63 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column45557_bb9c1f-63 inner-column-1\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading45557_37dcaa-8f, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading45557_37dcaa-8f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading45557_37dcaa-8f\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading45557_37dcaa-8f mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading45557_37dcaa-8f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading45557_37dcaa-8f\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading45557_37dcaa-8f img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading45557_37dcaa-8f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading45557_37dcaa-8f\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h4 class=\"kt-adv-heading45557_37dcaa-8f wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading45557_37dcaa-8f\">8. Skyline<\/h4>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"550\" height=\"317\" src=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Skyline-Tool-3D-550x317.png\" alt=\"Skyline Tool\" class=\"wp-image-45615\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Skyline-Tool-3D-550x317.png 550w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Skyline-Tool-3D-300x173.png 300w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Skyline-Tool-3D-678x391.png 678w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Skyline-Tool-3D-768x443.png 768w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Skyline-Tool-3D-50x29.png 50w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Skyline-Tool-3D-200x115.png 200w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Skyline-Tool-3D-425x245.png 425w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Skyline-Tool-3D-115x66.png 115w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Skyline-Tool-3D-1265x729.png 1265w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Skyline-Tool-3D-360x208.png 360w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Skyline-Tool-3D.png 1500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>The skyline tool displays visible and obstructed areas like a 3D fan pointing from an observer&#8217;s point of view.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column45557_abe2e8-cf > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column45557_abe2e8-cf > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column45557_abe2e8-cf > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column45557_abe2e8-cf > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column45557_abe2e8-cf > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column45557_abe2e8-cf > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column45557_abe2e8-cf{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column45557_abe2e8-cf > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column45557_abe2e8-cf > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column45557_abe2e8-cf inner-column-2\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading45557_bc65bb-84, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading45557_bc65bb-84[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading45557_bc65bb-84\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading45557_bc65bb-84 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading45557_bc65bb-84[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading45557_bc65bb-84\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading45557_bc65bb-84 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading45557_bc65bb-84[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading45557_bc65bb-84\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h4 class=\"kt-adv-heading45557_bc65bb-84 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading45557_bc65bb-84\">9. Viewsheds<\/h4>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"550\" height=\"318\" src=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Viewshed-Tool-550x318.jpg\" alt=\"Viewshed\" class=\"wp-image-45616\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Viewshed-Tool-550x318.jpg 550w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Viewshed-Tool-300x173.jpg 300w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Viewshed-Tool-678x392.jpg 678w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Viewshed-Tool-768x444.jpg 768w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Viewshed-Tool-50x29.jpg 50w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Viewshed-Tool-200x116.jpg 200w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Viewshed-Tool-425x245.jpg 425w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Viewshed-Tool-115x66.jpg 115w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Viewshed-Tool-360x208.jpg 360w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Viewshed-Tool.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>A viewshed determines locations visible to an observer in all directions with the output as a visibility raster.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>READ MORE:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/line-of-sight-viewshed-visibility-analysis\/\">Line of Sight vs Viewsheds<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Surface and Area Calculations<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>This group of 3D analysis tools focuses on measurements of surfaces and volumes.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id45557_7eb2c6-3d > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id45557_7eb2c6-3d > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id45557_7eb2c6-3d > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:50px;grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}.kb-row-layout-id45557_7eb2c6-3d > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id45557_7eb2c6-3d > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id45557_7eb2c6-3d > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id45557_7eb2c6-3d alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column45557_36e192-63 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column45557_36e192-63 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column45557_36e192-63 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column45557_36e192-63 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column45557_36e192-63 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column45557_36e192-63 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column45557_36e192-63{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column45557_36e192-63 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column45557_36e192-63 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column45557_36e192-63 inner-column-1\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading45557_7cbace-06, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading45557_7cbace-06[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading45557_7cbace-06\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading45557_7cbace-06 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading45557_7cbace-06[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading45557_7cbace-06\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading45557_7cbace-06 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading45557_7cbace-06[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading45557_7cbace-06\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h4 class=\"kt-adv-heading45557_7cbace-06 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading45557_7cbace-06\">10. Volume<\/h4>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"678\" height=\"391\" src=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Volume-Tool-678x391.jpg\" alt=\"Volume Tool\" class=\"wp-image-97453\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Volume-Tool-678x391.jpg 678w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Volume-Tool-300x173.jpg 300w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Volume-Tool-768x443.jpg 768w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Volume-Tool.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 678px) 100vw, 678px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>The volume tool calculates the amount of space above or below a reference.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column45557_92e473-2f > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column45557_92e473-2f > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column45557_92e473-2f > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column45557_92e473-2f > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column45557_92e473-2f > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column45557_92e473-2f > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column45557_92e473-2f{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column45557_92e473-2f > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column45557_92e473-2f > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column45557_92e473-2f inner-column-2\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading45557_998e53-80, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading45557_998e53-80[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading45557_998e53-80\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading45557_998e53-80 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading45557_998e53-80[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading45557_998e53-80\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading45557_998e53-80 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading45557_998e53-80[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading45557_998e53-80\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h4 class=\"kt-adv-heading45557_998e53-80 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading45557_998e53-80\">11. Surface Area<\/h4>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"678\" height=\"391\" src=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Surface-Area-Tool-678x391.jpg\" alt=\"Surface Area Tool\" class=\"wp-image-97448\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Surface-Area-Tool-678x391.jpg 678w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Surface-Area-Tool-300x173.jpg 300w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Surface-Area-Tool-768x443.jpg 768w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Surface-Area-Tool.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 678px) 100vw, 678px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>The surface area tool calculates the total area of the surface of a three-dimensional object.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id45557_a01d34-79 > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id45557_a01d34-79 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id45557_a01d34-79 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:50px;grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}.kb-row-layout-id45557_a01d34-79 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id45557_a01d34-79 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id45557_a01d34-79 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id45557_a01d34-79 alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column45557_a2d359-52 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column45557_a2d359-52 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column45557_a2d359-52 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column45557_a2d359-52 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column45557_a2d359-52 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column45557_a2d359-52 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column45557_a2d359-52{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column45557_a2d359-52 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column45557_a2d359-52 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column45557_a2d359-52 inner-column-1\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading45557_8095e5-94, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading45557_8095e5-94[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading45557_8095e5-94\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading45557_8095e5-94 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading45557_8095e5-94[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading45557_8095e5-94\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading45557_8095e5-94 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading45557_8095e5-94[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading45557_8095e5-94\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h4 class=\"kt-adv-heading45557_8095e5-94 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading45557_8095e5-94\">12. Cut\/Fill<\/h4>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"550\" height=\"310\" src=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Cut-Fill-550x310.jpg\" alt=\"Cut\/Fill Analysis\" class=\"wp-image-45620\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Cut-Fill-550x310.jpg 550w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Cut-Fill-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Cut-Fill-678x382.jpg 678w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Cut-Fill-768x433.jpg 768w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Cut-Fill-50x28.jpg 50w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Cut-Fill-580x326.jpg 580w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Cut-Fill-174x98.jpg 174w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Cut-Fill-200x113.jpg 200w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Cut-Fill-425x239.jpg 425w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Cut-Fill-115x65.jpg 115w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Cut-Fill-360x203.jpg 360w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Cut-Fill.jpg 964w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>The cut\/fill tool identifies the areas and volume of the surface that have been modified by the removal or addition of surface material.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column45557_8a70e4-8c > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column45557_8a70e4-8c > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column45557_8a70e4-8c > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column45557_8a70e4-8c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column45557_8a70e4-8c > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column45557_8a70e4-8c > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column45557_8a70e4-8c{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column45557_8a70e4-8c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column45557_8a70e4-8c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column45557_8a70e4-8c inner-column-2\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3D Interpolation<\/h3>\n\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id45557_e34118-3a > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id45557_e34118-3a > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id45557_e34118-3a > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:50px;grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}.kb-row-layout-id45557_e34118-3a > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id45557_e34118-3a > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id45557_e34118-3a > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id45557_e34118-3a alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column45557_aa8f28-6c > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column45557_aa8f28-6c > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column45557_aa8f28-6c > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column45557_aa8f28-6c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column45557_aa8f28-6c > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column45557_aa8f28-6c > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column45557_aa8f28-6c{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column45557_aa8f28-6c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column45557_aa8f28-6c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column45557_aa8f28-6c inner-column-1\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading45557_60e836-1a, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading45557_60e836-1a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading45557_60e836-1a\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading45557_60e836-1a mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading45557_60e836-1a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading45557_60e836-1a\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading45557_60e836-1a img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading45557_60e836-1a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading45557_60e836-1a\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h4 class=\"kt-adv-heading45557_60e836-1a wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading45557_60e836-1a\">13. Interpolation<\/h4>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"550\" height=\"317\" src=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/3D-Interpolation-550x317.png\" alt=\"3D Interpolation\" class=\"wp-image-45625\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/3D-Interpolation-550x317.png 550w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/3D-Interpolation-300x173.png 300w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/3D-Interpolation-678x391.png 678w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/3D-Interpolation-768x443.png 768w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/3D-Interpolation-50x29.png 50w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/3D-Interpolation-200x115.png 200w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/3D-Interpolation-425x245.png 425w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/3D-Interpolation-115x66.png 115w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/3D-Interpolation-1265x729.png 1265w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/3D-Interpolation-360x208.png 360w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/3D-Interpolation.png 1400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>This tool interpolates surface estimates of unknown values by adding a third dimension in its analysis such as <a href=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/kriging-interpolation-prediction\/\">kriging<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/inverse-distance-weighting-idw-interpolation\/\">IDW<\/a>, and spline.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column45557_89156b-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column45557_89156b-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column45557_89156b-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column45557_89156b-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column45557_89156b-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column45557_89156b-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column45557_89156b-6b{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column45557_89156b-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column45557_89156b-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column45557_89156b-6b inner-column-2\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Summary: 3D Analysis Tools<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Although 3D analysis adds an extra level of complexity, it&#8217;s a <strong>better representation of reality<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But it&#8217;s not just for its powerful visualizations, 3D analysis adds a third dimension.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>By adding 3D data, you can explore visibility like <a href=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/line-of-sight-viewshed-visibility-analysis\/\">viewsheds and line of sight<\/a>. Also, there are all sorts of neat geometrical analysis tools.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>How do you use 3D in GIS? What types of 3D analysis do you perform? Please let us know with a comment below.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>3D analysis is a growing trend because it better represents the real world. For some problems, 3D is sometimes the only way to solve it.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":45629,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_kad_post_transparent":"default","_kad_post_title":"default","_kad_post_layout":"default","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"default","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"default","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[90],"tags":[430],"class_list":["post-45557","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gis-analysis","tag-gis-concepts"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>3D Analysis Tools in GIS - Bend It in 3D - GIS Geography<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"3D analysis is a growing trend because it better represents the real world. For some problems, 3D is sometimes the only way to solve it.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/3d-analysis\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"3D Analysis Tools in GIS - Bend It in 3D - GIS Geography\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"3D analysis is a growing trend because it better represents the real world. For some problems, 3D is sometimes the only way to solve it.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/3d-analysis\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"GIS Geography\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/gisgeography\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/gisgeography\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-11-11T02:05:10+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-04-05T12:55:58+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/3D-Analysis-Feature-1.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1175\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"737\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"GISGeography\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@https:\/\/twitter.com\/GisGeography\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@GisGeography\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"GISGeography\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gisgeography.com\\\/3d-analysis\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gisgeography.com\\\/3d-analysis\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"GISGeography\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gisgeography.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/9e7385da3acea92bc45d45be5dfe191e\"},\"headline\":\"3D Analysis Tools in GIS &#8211; Bend It in 3D\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-11-11T02:05:10+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-04-05T12:55:58+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gisgeography.com\\\/3d-analysis\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":520,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gisgeography.com\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gisgeography.com\\\/3d-analysis\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gisgeography.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/11\\\/3D-Analysis-Feature-1.png\",\"keywords\":[\"GIS Concepts\"],\"articleSection\":[\"GIS Analysis\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/gisgeography.com\\\/3d-analysis\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gisgeography.com\\\/3d-analysis\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gisgeography.com\\\/3d-analysis\\\/\",\"name\":\"3D Analysis Tools in GIS - Bend It in 3D - GIS Geography\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gisgeography.com\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gisgeography.com\\\/3d-analysis\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gisgeography.com\\\/3d-analysis\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gisgeography.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/11\\\/3D-Analysis-Feature-1.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-11-11T02:05:10+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-04-05T12:55:58+00:00\",\"description\":\"3D analysis is a growing trend because it better represents the real world. For some problems, 3D is sometimes the only way to solve it.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gisgeography.com\\\/3d-analysis\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/gisgeography.com\\\/3d-analysis\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gisgeography.com\\\/3d-analysis\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gisgeography.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/11\\\/3D-Analysis-Feature-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gisgeography.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/11\\\/3D-Analysis-Feature-1.png\",\"width\":1175,\"height\":737,\"caption\":\"3D Analysis Feature\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gisgeography.com\\\/3d-analysis\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gisgeography.com\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"GIS Analysis\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gisgeography.com\\\/category\\\/gis-analysis\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"3D Analysis Tools in GIS &#8211; Bend It in 3D\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gisgeography.com\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gisgeography.com\\\/\",\"name\":\"GIS Geography\",\"description\":\"Geographic Information Systems\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gisgeography.com\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gisgeography.com\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gisgeography.com\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"GIS Geography\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gisgeography.com\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gisgeography.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gisgeography.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2015\\\/11\\\/cropped-GIS-Geography-Logo0.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gisgeography.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2015\\\/11\\\/cropped-GIS-Geography-Logo0.png\",\"width\":500,\"height\":100,\"caption\":\"GIS Geography\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gisgeography.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/gisgeography\",\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/GisGeography\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gisgeography.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/9e7385da3acea92bc45d45be5dfe191e\",\"name\":\"GISGeography\",\"description\":\"We help you learn Geographic Information Systems and remote sensing\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/gisgeography\",\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/https:\\\/\\\/twitter.com\\\/GisGeography\"],\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gisgeography.com\\\/author\\\/gisgeo\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"3D Analysis Tools in GIS - Bend It in 3D - GIS Geography","description":"3D analysis is a growing trend because it better represents the real world. For some problems, 3D is sometimes the only way to solve it.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/3d-analysis\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"3D Analysis Tools in GIS - Bend It in 3D - GIS Geography","og_description":"3D analysis is a growing trend because it better represents the real world. For some problems, 3D is sometimes the only way to solve it.","og_url":"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/3d-analysis\/","og_site_name":"GIS Geography","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/gisgeography","article_author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/gisgeography","article_published_time":"2020-11-11T02:05:10+00:00","article_modified_time":"2025-04-05T12:55:58+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1175,"height":737,"url":"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/3D-Analysis-Feature-1.png","type":"image\/png"}],"author":"GISGeography","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@https:\/\/twitter.com\/GisGeography","twitter_site":"@GisGeography","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"GISGeography","Est. reading time":"6 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/3d-analysis\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/3d-analysis\/"},"author":{"name":"GISGeography","@id":"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/#\/schema\/person\/9e7385da3acea92bc45d45be5dfe191e"},"headline":"3D Analysis Tools in GIS &#8211; Bend It in 3D","datePublished":"2020-11-11T02:05:10+00:00","dateModified":"2025-04-05T12:55:58+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/3d-analysis\/"},"wordCount":520,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/3d-analysis\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/3D-Analysis-Feature-1.png","keywords":["GIS Concepts"],"articleSection":["GIS Analysis"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/3d-analysis\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/3d-analysis\/","url":"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/3d-analysis\/","name":"3D Analysis Tools in GIS - Bend It in 3D - GIS Geography","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/3d-analysis\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/3d-analysis\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/3D-Analysis-Feature-1.png","datePublished":"2020-11-11T02:05:10+00:00","dateModified":"2025-04-05T12:55:58+00:00","description":"3D analysis is a growing trend because it better represents the real world. For some problems, 3D is sometimes the only way to solve it.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/3d-analysis\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/3d-analysis\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/3d-analysis\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/3D-Analysis-Feature-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/3D-Analysis-Feature-1.png","width":1175,"height":737,"caption":"3D Analysis Feature"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/3d-analysis\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"GIS Analysis","item":"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/category\/gis-analysis\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"3D Analysis Tools in GIS &#8211; Bend It in 3D"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/","name":"GIS Geography","description":"Geographic Information Systems","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/#organization","name":"GIS Geography","url":"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/cropped-GIS-Geography-Logo0.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/cropped-GIS-Geography-Logo0.png","width":500,"height":100,"caption":"GIS Geography"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/gisgeography","https:\/\/x.com\/GisGeography"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/#\/schema\/person\/9e7385da3acea92bc45d45be5dfe191e","name":"GISGeography","description":"We help you learn Geographic Information Systems and remote sensing","sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/gisgeography","https:\/\/x.com\/https:\/\/twitter.com\/GisGeography"],"url":"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/author\/gisgeo\/"}]}},"taxonomy_info":{"category":[{"value":90,"label":"GIS Analysis"}],"post_tag":[{"value":430,"label":"GIS Concepts"}]},"featured_image_src_large":["https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/3D-Analysis-Feature-1-678x425.png",678,425,true],"author_info":{"display_name":"GISGeography","author_link":"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/author\/gisgeo\/"},"comment_info":16,"category_info":[{"term_id":90,"name":"GIS Analysis","slug":"gis-analysis","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":91,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":0,"count":124,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":90,"category_count":124,"category_description":"","cat_name":"GIS Analysis","category_nicename":"gis-analysis","category_parent":0}],"tag_info":[{"term_id":430,"name":"GIS Concepts","slug":"gis-concepts","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":432,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"","parent":0,"count":32,"filter":"raw"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45557","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=45557"}],"version-history":[{"count":22,"href":"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45557\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":97460,"href":"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45557\/revisions\/97460"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/45629"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=45557"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=45557"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=45557"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}