{"id":5118,"date":"2015-06-22T04:27:06","date_gmt":"2015-06-22T09:27:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/gisgeography.com\/?p=5118"},"modified":"2025-05-31T21:03:20","modified_gmt":"2025-06-01T02:03:20","slug":"map-algebra-global-zonal-focal-local","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/map-algebra-global-zonal-focal-local\/","title":{"rendered":"What is Map Algebra? [Raster Math]"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"850\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Map-Algebra-Raster-Math.jpg\" alt=\"Map Algebra Raster Math\" class=\"wp-image-61161\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Map-Algebra-Raster-Math.jpg 850w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Map-Algebra-Raster-Math-300x141.jpg 300w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Map-Algebra-Raster-Math-678x319.jpg 678w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Map-Algebra-Raster-Math-768x361.jpg 768w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Map-Algebra-Raster-Math-50x24.jpg 50w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Map-Algebra-Raster-Math-200x94.jpg 200w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Map-Algebra-Raster-Math-425x200.jpg 425w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Map-Algebra-Raster-Math-550x259.jpg 550w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Map-Algebra-Raster-Math-115x54.jpg 115w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Map-Algebra-Raster-Math-360x169.jpg 360w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5118_be87e9-4413 > .kt-inside-inner-col{display:flex;}.kadence-column5118_be87e9-4413 > .kt-inside-inner-col{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}.kadence-column5118_be87e9-4413 > .kt-inside-inner-col{border-top:1px solid #d3d3d3;border-right:1px solid #d3d3d3;border-bottom:1px solid #d3d3d3;border-left:1px solid #d3d3d3;}.kadence-column5118_be87e9-4413 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5118_be87e9-4413 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:10px;border-top-right-radius:10px;border-bottom-right-radius:10px;border-bottom-left-radius:10px;}.kadence-column5118_be87e9-4413 > .kt-inside-inner-col{row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-none, 0rem );column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5118_be87e9-4413 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5118_be87e9-4413 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5118_be87e9-4413 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5118_be87e9-4413{position:relative;}.kadence-column5118_be87e9-4413, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5118_be87e9-4413:not(.specificity){margin-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5118_be87e9-4413 > .kt-inside-inner-col{border-top:1px solid #d3d3d3;border-right:1px solid #d3d3d3;border-bottom:1px solid #d3d3d3;border-left:1px solid #d3d3d3;flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5118_be87e9-4413 > .kt-inside-inner-col{border-top:1px solid #d3d3d3;border-right:1px solid #d3d3d3;border-bottom:1px solid #d3d3d3;border-left:1px solid #d3d3d3;flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5118_be87e9-4413\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5118_c4bb4c-3d11, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5118_c4bb4c-3d11[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5118_c4bb4c-3d11\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);font-size:16px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5118_c4bb4c-3d11 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5118_c4bb4c-3d11[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5118_c4bb4c-3d11\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5118_c4bb4c-3d11 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5118_c4bb4c-3d11[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5118_c4bb4c-3d11\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5118_c4bb4c-3d11 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5118_c4bb4c-3d11\"><strong>DEFINITION:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5118_f70ada-f312, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5118_f70ada-f312[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5118_f70ada-f312\"]{font-size:16px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5118_f70ada-f312 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5118_f70ada-f312[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5118_f70ada-f312\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5118_f70ada-f312 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5118_f70ada-f312[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5118_f70ada-f312\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5118_f70ada-f312 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5118_f70ada-f312\"><strong>Map algebra<\/strong> is a set of operations used in GIS to <strong>perform calculations on raster data<\/strong> (gridded maps), layer by layer.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What is Map Algebra (Raster Math)?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Map algebra<\/strong> basically involves doing math with maps. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But the key difference is that it only applies to raster data. That&#8217;s why we also call it <strong>raster math<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>First, let&#8217;s review the different types of map algebra. Then, let&#8217;s practice with an example. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Types of Map Algebra<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>As you&#8217;ve learned, map algebra uses <strong>math-like operations<\/strong>.  For example, you can apply simple math like addition or multiplication to update raster cell values. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The most common type of map algebra is a <strong>cell-by-cell function<\/strong>. This type has rasters directly stacked on top of one another. Then, the function applies to cells aligned with each other.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But you can also change the configuration so it&#8217;s not only cell-by-cell. Here are the types of map algebra operations that you can use:<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items5118_99721c-6d:not(.this-stops-third-party-issues){margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items5118_99721c-6d ul.kt-svg-icon-list:not(.this-prevents-issues):not(.this-stops-third-party-issues):not(.tijsloc){margin-top:0px;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:10px;margin-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items5118_99721c-6d ul.kt-svg-icon-list{grid-row-gap:5px;}.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items5118_99721c-6d ul.kt-svg-icon-list .kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap .kt-svg-icon-list-single{margin-right:10px;}@media all and (min-width: 1025px){.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items5118_99721c-6d:not(.kt-svg-icon-list-columns-1) ul.kt-svg-icon-list .kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap:not(:last-child){margin:0px;}}@media all and (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1024px){.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items5118_99721c-6d:not(.kt-tablet-svg-icon-list-columns-1) ul.kt-svg-icon-list .kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap:not(:last-child){margin:0px;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items5118_99721c-6d:not(.kt-mobile-svg-icon-list-columns-1) ul.kt-svg-icon-list .kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap:not(:last-child){margin:0px;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-iconlist kt-svg-icon-list-items kt-svg-icon-list-items5118_99721c-6d kt-svg-icon-list-columns-2 alignnone\"><ul class=\"kt-svg-icon-list\"><style>.kt-svg-icon-list-item-5118_f98c58-02 .kt-svg-icon-list-single{font-size:20px !important;}.kt-svg-icon-list-item-5118_f98c58-02 .kt-svg-icon-list-text mark.kt-highlight{background-color:unset;font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<li class=\"wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-5118_f98c58-02 kt-svg-icon-list-style-default\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fe_checkCircle kt-svg-icon-list-single\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"  fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 11.08V12a10 10 0 1 1-5.93-9.14\"\/><polyline points=\"22 4 12 14.01 9 11.01\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-text\">Local<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n<style>.kt-svg-icon-list-item-5118_cc7992-15 .kt-svg-icon-list-single{font-size:20px !important;}.kt-svg-icon-list-item-5118_cc7992-15 .kt-svg-icon-list-text mark.kt-highlight{background-color:unset;font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<li class=\"wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-5118_cc7992-15 kt-svg-icon-list-style-default\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fe_checkCircle kt-svg-icon-list-single\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"  fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 11.08V12a10 10 0 1 1-5.93-9.14\"\/><polyline points=\"22 4 12 14.01 9 11.01\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-text\">Focal<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n<style>.kt-svg-icon-list-item-5118_991fd2-d8 .kt-svg-icon-list-single{font-size:20px !important;}.kt-svg-icon-list-item-5118_991fd2-d8 .kt-svg-icon-list-text mark.kt-highlight{background-color:unset;font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<li class=\"wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-5118_991fd2-d8 kt-svg-icon-list-style-default\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fe_checkCircle kt-svg-icon-list-single\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"  fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 11.08V12a10 10 0 1 1-5.93-9.14\"\/><polyline points=\"22 4 12 14.01 9 11.01\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-text\">Zonal<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n<style>.kt-svg-icon-list-item-5118_2d8eaa-d0 .kt-svg-icon-list-single{font-size:20px !important;}.kt-svg-icon-list-item-5118_2d8eaa-d0 .kt-svg-icon-list-text mark.kt-highlight{background-color:unset;font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<li class=\"wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-5118_2d8eaa-d0 kt-svg-icon-list-style-default\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fe_checkCircle kt-svg-icon-list-single\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"  fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 11.08V12a10 10 0 1 1-5.93-9.14\"\/><polyline points=\"22 4 12 14.01 9 11.01\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-text\">Global<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Let&#8217;s review how each type works.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-wrap.wp-block-kadence-rowlayout.kb-row-layout-id5118_f9b98a-18{margin-top:25px;margin-bottom:25px;}.kb-row-layout-id5118_f9b98a-18 > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id5118_f9b98a-18 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id5118_f9b98a-18 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);padding-top:5px;padding-right:30px;padding-bottom:5px;padding-left:30px;grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id5118_f9b98a-18{border-top:1px solid #dedede;border-right:1px solid #dedede;border-bottom:1px solid #dedede;border-left:1px solid #dedede;}.kb-row-layout-id5118_f9b98a-18 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id5118_f9b98a-18 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id5118_f9b98a-18{border-top:1px solid #dedede;border-right:1px solid #dedede;border-bottom:1px solid #dedede;border-left:1px solid #dedede;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id5118_f9b98a-18 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id5118_f9b98a-18{border-top:1px solid #dedede;border-right:1px solid #dedede;border-bottom:1px solid #dedede;border-left:1px solid #dedede;}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id5118_f9b98a-18 alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-1-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column5118_90bdb4-17 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5118_90bdb4-17 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5118_90bdb4-17 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5118_90bdb4-17 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5118_90bdb4-17 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5118_90bdb4-17 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5118_90bdb4-17{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5118_90bdb4-17 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5118_90bdb4-17 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5118_90bdb4-17 inner-column-1\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5118_b75082-42, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5118_b75082-42[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5118_b75082-42\"]{padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:10px;font-size:20px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5118_b75082-42 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5118_b75082-42[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5118_b75082-42\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5118_b75082-42 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5118_b75082-42[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5118_b75082-42\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"kt-adv-heading5118_b75082-42 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5118_b75082-42\"><strong>Upgrade your raster skills<\/strong><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-wrap.wp-block-kadence-rowlayout.kb-row-layout-id5118_b96bd2-40{margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;}.kb-row-layout-id5118_b96bd2-40 > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id5118_b96bd2-40 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id5118_b96bd2-40 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id5118_b96bd2-40 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id5118_b96bd2-40 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id5118_b96bd2-40 > .kt-row-column-wrap{padding-bottom:5px;grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id5118_b96bd2-40 alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-1-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column5118_806cd6-6f > .kt-inside-inner-col{padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;}.kadence-column5118_806cd6-6f > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5118_806cd6-6f > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5118_806cd6-6f > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5118_806cd6-6f > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5118_806cd6-6f > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5118_806cd6-6f > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5118_806cd6-6f{position:relative;}.kadence-column5118_806cd6-6f, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5118_806cd6-6f:not(.specificity){margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5118_806cd6-6f > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5118_806cd6-6f > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5118_806cd6-6f inner-column-1\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.kt-post-loop5118_b764e4-f0 .kadence-post-image{padding-top:0px;padding-right:15px;padding-bottom:10px;padding-left:0px;}.kt-post-loop5118_b764e4-f0 .kt-feat-image-align-left{grid-template-columns:30% auto;}.kt-post-loop5118_b764e4-f0 .kt-post-grid-wrap{gap:5px 20px;}.kt-post-loop5118_b764e4-f0 .kt-blocks-post-grid-item{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;overflow:hidden;}.kt-post-loop5118_b764e4-f0 .kt-blocks-post-grid-item header{padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:10px;padding-left:0px;margin-top:0px;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:0px;}.kt-post-loop5118_b764e4-f0 .kt-blocks-post-grid-item .kt-blocks-above-categories{font-size:13px;line-height:20px;text-transform:uppercase;}.kt-post-loop5118_b764e4-f0 .kt-blocks-post-grid-item .entry-title{padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;margin-top:0px;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:0px;font-size:18px;line-height:20px;}.kt-post-loop5118_b764e4-f0 .entry-content{padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;margin-top:0px;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:0px;font-size:14px;line-height:24px;}.kt-post-loop5118_b764e4-f0 .kt-blocks-post-footer{border-top-width:0px;border-right-width:0px;border-bottom-width:0px;border-left-width:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;margin-top:0px;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:0px;font-size:12px;line-height:20px;text-transform:uppercase;}.kt-post-loop5118_b764e4-f0 .entry-content:after{height:0px;}.kt-post-loop5118_b764e4-f0 .kb-filter-item{border-top-width:0px;border-right-width:0px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-width:0px;padding-top:5px;padding-right:8px;padding-bottom:5px;padding-left:8px;margin-top:0px;margin-right:10px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:0px;}<\/style><div class=\"wp-block-kadence-postgrid kt-blocks-post-loop-block alignnone kt-post-loop5118_b764e4-f0 kt-post-grid-layout-grid \"><div class=\"kt-post-grid-layout-grid-wrap kt-post-grid-wrap\" data-columns-xxl=\"2\" data-columns-xl=\"2\" data-columns-md=\"2\" data-columns-sm=\"2\" data-columns-xs=\"1\" data-columns-ss=\"1\"data-item-selector=\".kt-post-masonry-item\" aria-label=\"Post Carousel\"><article class=\"kt-blocks-post-grid-item post-44800 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-gis-analysis tag-raster-tools\"><div class=\"kt-blocks-post-grid-item-inner-wrap kt-feat-image-align-left kt-feat-image-mobile-align-side\"><div class=\"kadence-post-image\"><div class=\"kadence-post-image-intrisic kt-image-ratio-nocrop\" style=\"padding-bottom:51%;\"><div class=\"kadence-post-image-inner-intrisic\"><a aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\" role=\"presentation\" href=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/mosaic-raster\/\" aria-label=\"How To Mosaic Raster Datasets\" class=\"kadence-post-image-inner-wrap\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"102\" src=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Mosaic-Tool-Feature-200x102.jpg\" class=\"attachment-Small Size size-Small Size wp-post-image\" alt=\"Mosaic Tool Feature\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Mosaic-Tool-Feature-200x102.jpg 200w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Mosaic-Tool-Feature-300x153.jpg 300w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Mosaic-Tool-Feature-678x345.jpg 678w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Mosaic-Tool-Feature-768x391.jpg 768w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Mosaic-Tool-Feature-1536x782.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Mosaic-Tool-Feature-50x25.jpg 50w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Mosaic-Tool-Feature-425x216.jpg 425w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Mosaic-Tool-Feature-550x280.jpg 550w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Mosaic-Tool-Feature-135x70.jpg 135w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Mosaic-Tool-Feature-115x59.jpg 115w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Mosaic-Tool-Feature-1265x644.jpg 1265w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Mosaic-Tool-Feature-360x183.jpg 360w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Mosaic-Tool-Feature-1550x789.jpg 1550w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Mosaic-Tool-Feature.jpg 1768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kt-blocks-post-grid-item-inner\"><header><h6 class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/mosaic-raster\/\">How To Mosaic Raster Datasets<\/a><\/h6><div class=\"kt-blocks-post-top-meta\"><\/div><\/header><div class=\"entry-content\"><\/div><footer class=\"kt-blocks-post-footer\"><div class=\"kt-blocks-post-footer-left\"><\/div><div class=\"kt-blocks-post-footer-right\"><\/div><\/footer><\/div><\/div><\/article><article class=\"kt-blocks-post-grid-item post-44851 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-gis-analysis tag-raster-tools\"><div class=\"kt-blocks-post-grid-item-inner-wrap kt-feat-image-align-left kt-feat-image-mobile-align-side\"><div class=\"kadence-post-image\"><div class=\"kadence-post-image-intrisic kt-image-ratio-nocrop\" style=\"padding-bottom:51%;\"><div class=\"kadence-post-image-inner-intrisic\"><a aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\" role=\"presentation\" href=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/least-cost-path-analysis\/\" aria-label=\"Least Cost Path Analysis in GIS\" class=\"kadence-post-image-inner-wrap\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"102\" src=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Least-Cost-Path-Feature-200x102.jpg\" class=\"attachment-Small Size size-Small Size wp-post-image\" alt=\"Least Cost Path Feature\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Least-Cost-Path-Feature-200x102.jpg 200w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Least-Cost-Path-Feature-300x153.jpg 300w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Least-Cost-Path-Feature-678x345.jpg 678w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Least-Cost-Path-Feature-768x391.jpg 768w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Least-Cost-Path-Feature-1536x782.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Least-Cost-Path-Feature-50x25.jpg 50w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Least-Cost-Path-Feature-425x216.jpg 425w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Least-Cost-Path-Feature-550x280.jpg 550w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Least-Cost-Path-Feature-135x70.jpg 135w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Least-Cost-Path-Feature-115x59.jpg 115w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Least-Cost-Path-Feature-1265x644.jpg 1265w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Least-Cost-Path-Feature-360x183.jpg 360w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Least-Cost-Path-Feature-1550x789.jpg 1550w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Least-Cost-Path-Feature.jpg 1768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kt-blocks-post-grid-item-inner\"><header><h6 class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/least-cost-path-analysis\/\">Least Cost Path Analysis in GIS<\/a><\/h6><div class=\"kt-blocks-post-top-meta\"><\/div><\/header><div class=\"entry-content\"><\/div><footer class=\"kt-blocks-post-footer\"><div class=\"kt-blocks-post-footer-left\"><\/div><div class=\"kt-blocks-post-footer-right\"><\/div><\/footer><\/div><\/div><\/article><\/div><\/div><!-- .wp-block-kadence-postgrid --><\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Local Operations<\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright\"><a href=\"http:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Local-Operation-Raster.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"218\" src=\"http:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Local-Operation-Raster-300x218.png\" alt=\"Local Operation Raster\" class=\"wp-image-4709\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Local-Operation-Raster-300x218.png 300w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Local-Operation-Raster-50x36.png 50w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Local-Operation-Raster-200x146.png 200w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Local-Operation-Raster-425x309.png 425w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Local-Operation-Raster-115x84.png 115w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Local-Operation-Raster-213x155.png 213w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Local-Operation-Raster.png 467w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>The simplest approach is using map algebra on a cell-by-cell basis. For example, you have 2 rasters <strong>stacked on top of each other<\/strong>. Then, you add each cell one by one.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If raster cells represent temperature, you can subtract them both at different time periods. By using a local operation, you can find the difference in temperature for each cell.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"546\" height=\"135\" src=\"http:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Local-Operation-Example-2.png\" alt=\"Local Operation Example\" class=\"wp-image-4712\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Local-Operation-Example-2.png 546w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Local-Operation-Example-2-300x74.png 300w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Local-Operation-Example-2-50x12.png 50w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Local-Operation-Example-2-200x49.png 200w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Local-Operation-Example-2-425x105.png 425w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Local-Operation-Example-2-115x28.png 115w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Local-Operation-Example-2-500x124.png 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 546px) 100vw, 546px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Global Operations<\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright\"><a href=\"http:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Global-Operation-Raster.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"202\" src=\"http:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Global-Operation-Raster-300x202.png\" alt=\"Global Operation Raster\" class=\"wp-image-4720\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Global-Operation-Raster-300x202.png 300w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Global-Operation-Raster-50x34.png 50w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Global-Operation-Raster-150x100.png 150w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Global-Operation-Raster-200x135.png 200w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Global-Operation-Raster-425x287.png 425w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Global-Operation-Raster-115x78.png 115w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Global-Operation-Raster-230x155.png 230w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Global-Operation-Raster.png 467w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Global operations apply a <strong>bulk change to all cells<\/strong> in a raster. If you want to add a value of 1 to all grid cells, this is a global operation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For example, Euclidean distance is an example of a global operation. By calculating the closest distance away from a source, it applies the function globally in a raster.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"361\" height=\"135\" src=\"http:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Global-Operartion-Example.png\" alt=\"Global Operation Example\" class=\"wp-image-5835\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Global-Operartion-Example.png 361w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Global-Operartion-Example-300x112.png 300w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Global-Operartion-Example-50x19.png 50w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Global-Operartion-Example-200x75.png 200w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Global-Operartion-Example-115x43.png 115w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 361px) 100vw, 361px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Focal Operations<\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright\"><a href=\"http:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Focal-Operation-Raster-2.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"202\" src=\"http:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Focal-Operation-Raster-2-300x202.png\" alt=\"Focal Operation Raster\" class=\"wp-image-4717\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Focal-Operation-Raster-2-300x202.png 300w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Focal-Operation-Raster-2-50x34.png 50w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Focal-Operation-Raster-2-150x100.png 150w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Focal-Operation-Raster-2-200x135.png 200w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Focal-Operation-Raster-2-425x287.png 425w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Focal-Operation-Raster-2-115x78.png 115w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Focal-Operation-Raster-2-230x155.png 230w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Focal-Operation-Raster-2.png 467w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Focal operations are spatial functions that compute an output value of each cell using <strong>neighborhood values<\/strong>. For example, convolution, kernel, and moving windows are focal operations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>MOVING WINDOW<\/strong>: A moving window is a rectangular arrangement of cells that shifts in position. Applying an operation to each cell from a moving window smooths values in a raster.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"678\" height=\"238\" src=\"http:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Moving-Window-1-678x238.png\" alt=\"Moving Window\" class=\"wp-image-5822\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Moving-Window-1-678x238.png 678w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Moving-Window-1-300x105.png 300w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Moving-Window-1-768x269.png 768w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Moving-Window-1-50x18.png 50w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Moving-Window-1-200x70.png 200w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Moving-Window-1-425x149.png 425w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Moving-Window-1-550x193.png 550w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Moving-Window-1-115x40.png 115w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Moving-Window-1-850x298.png 850w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Moving-Window-1-442x155.png 442w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Moving-Window-1.png 855w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 678px) 100vw, 678px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Zonal Operation<\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright\"><a href=\"http:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Zonal-Operation-Raster.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"202\" src=\"http:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Zonal-Operation-Raster-300x202.png\" alt=\"Zonal Operation Raster\" class=\"wp-image-4723\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Zonal-Operation-Raster-300x202.png 300w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Zonal-Operation-Raster-50x34.png 50w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Zonal-Operation-Raster-150x100.png 150w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Zonal-Operation-Raster-200x135.png 200w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Zonal-Operation-Raster-425x287.png 425w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Zonal-Operation-Raster-115x78.png 115w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Zonal-Operation-Raster-230x155.png 230w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Zonal-Operation-Raster.png 467w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Zonal operations apply a math function to a group of cells within a specified zone. For example, a zone could be a <strong>vector or raster format<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If you want to find out how much rain is in a watershed, you can use a zonal operation. By using a raster with precipitation, you can set your zone as a watershed with a sum function.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mathematical Functions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Here are examples of operations that you can use for map algebra:<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items5118_eb64c1-a7:not(.this-stops-third-party-issues){margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items5118_eb64c1-a7 ul.kt-svg-icon-list:not(.this-prevents-issues):not(.this-stops-third-party-issues):not(.tijsloc){margin-top:0px;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);margin-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items5118_eb64c1-a7 ul.kt-svg-icon-list{grid-row-gap:5px;}.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items5118_eb64c1-a7 ul.kt-svg-icon-list .kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap .kt-svg-icon-list-single{margin-right:10px;}.kt-svg-icon-list-items5118_eb64c1-a7 ul.kt-svg-icon-list .kt-svg-icon-list-level-0 .kt-svg-icon-list-single svg{font-size:20px;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-iconlist kt-svg-icon-list-items kt-svg-icon-list-items5118_eb64c1-a7 kt-svg-icon-list-columns-1 alignnone kt-list-icon-aligntop\"><ul class=\"kt-svg-icon-list\"><style>.kt-svg-icon-list-item-5118_cd4585-e7 .kt-svg-icon-list-text mark.kt-highlight{background-color:unset;font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<li class=\"wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-5118_cd4585-e7\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fe_checkCircle kt-svg-icon-list-single\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"  fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 11.08V12a10 10 0 1 1-5.93-9.14\"\/><polyline points=\"22 4 12 14.01 9 11.01\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-text\">Arithmetic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division)<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n<style>.kt-svg-icon-list-item-5118_41b68e-e8 .kt-svg-icon-list-text mark.kt-highlight{background-color:unset;font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<li class=\"wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-5118_41b68e-e8\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fe_checkCircle kt-svg-icon-list-single\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"  fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 11.08V12a10 10 0 1 1-5.93-9.14\"\/><polyline points=\"22 4 12 14.01 9 11.01\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-text\">Statistical operations (minimum, maximum, average, median)<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n<style>.kt-svg-icon-list-item-5118_e54950-52 .kt-svg-icon-list-text mark.kt-highlight{background-color:unset;font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<li class=\"wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-5118_e54950-52\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fe_checkCircle kt-svg-icon-list-single\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"  fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 11.08V12a10 10 0 1 1-5.93-9.14\"\/><polyline points=\"22 4 12 14.01 9 11.01\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-text\">Relational operations (greater than, smaller than, equal to)<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n<style>.kt-svg-icon-list-item-5118_211c5b-ac .kt-svg-icon-list-text mark.kt-highlight{background-color:unset;font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<li class=\"wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-5118_211c5b-ac\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fe_checkCircle kt-svg-icon-list-single\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"  fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 11.08V12a10 10 0 1 1-5.93-9.14\"\/><polyline points=\"22 4 12 14.01 9 11.01\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-text\">Trigonometric operations (sine, cosine, tangent, arcsine)<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n<style>.kt-svg-icon-list-item-5118_0bdf13-b1 .kt-svg-icon-list-text mark.kt-highlight{background-color:unset;font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<li class=\"wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-5118_0bdf13-b1\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fe_checkCircle kt-svg-icon-list-single\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"  fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 11.08V12a10 10 0 1 1-5.93-9.14\"\/><polyline points=\"22 4 12 14.01 9 11.01\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-text\">Exponential and logarithmic operations (exponent, logarithm)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Map Algebra Example<\/h3>\n\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id5118_895ef2-70 > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id5118_895ef2-70 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id5118_895ef2-70 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}.kb-row-layout-id5118_895ef2-70 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id5118_895ef2-70 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id5118_895ef2-70 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id5118_895ef2-70 alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column5118_ce0ab6-ee > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5118_ce0ab6-ee > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5118_ce0ab6-ee > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5118_ce0ab6-ee > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5118_ce0ab6-ee > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5118_ce0ab6-ee > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5118_ce0ab6-ee{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5118_ce0ab6-ee > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5118_ce0ab6-ee > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5118_ce0ab6-ee inner-column-1\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<p>If you were to take a snapshot of land surface temperature in April 2015, it would look like this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"246\" src=\"http:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Land-Surface-Temperature-April-2014-300x246.png\" alt=\"Land Surface Temperature April 2014\" class=\"wp-image-4727\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Land-Surface-Temperature-April-2014-300x246.png 300w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Land-Surface-Temperature-April-2014-50x41.png 50w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Land-Surface-Temperature-April-2014-200x164.png 200w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Land-Surface-Temperature-April-2014-425x348.png 425w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Land-Surface-Temperature-April-2014-550x450.png 550w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Land-Surface-Temperature-April-2014-115x94.png 115w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Land-Surface-Temperature-April-2014-189x155.png 189w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Land-Surface-Temperature-April-2014.png 567w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5118_2d2dc0-f8 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5118_2d2dc0-f8 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5118_2d2dc0-f8 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5118_2d2dc0-f8 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5118_2d2dc0-f8 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5118_2d2dc0-f8 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5118_2d2dc0-f8{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5118_2d2dc0-f8 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5118_2d2dc0-f8 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5118_2d2dc0-f8 inner-column-2\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<p>Then, if you took the April 2014 land surface temperature, here\u2019s what it looks like:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"246\" src=\"http:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Land-Surface-Temperature-April-2015-300x246.png\" alt=\"Land Surface Temperature April 2015\" class=\"wp-image-4728\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Land-Surface-Temperature-April-2015-300x246.png 300w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Land-Surface-Temperature-April-2015-50x41.png 50w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Land-Surface-Temperature-April-2015-200x164.png 200w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Land-Surface-Temperature-April-2015-425x348.png 425w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Land-Surface-Temperature-April-2015-550x450.png 550w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Land-Surface-Temperature-April-2015-115x94.png 115w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Land-Surface-Temperature-April-2015-189x155.png 189w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Land-Surface-Temperature-April-2015.png 567w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>When you subtract April 2014 from April 2015 for land surface temperature, it shows the difference between temperatures for two given periods.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"246\" src=\"http:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Land-Surface-Temperature-Difference-300x246.png\" alt=\"Land Surface Temperature Difference\" class=\"wp-image-4731\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Land-Surface-Temperature-Difference-300x246.png 300w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Land-Surface-Temperature-Difference-50x41.png 50w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Land-Surface-Temperature-Difference-200x164.png 200w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Land-Surface-Temperature-Difference-425x348.png 425w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Land-Surface-Temperature-Difference-550x450.png 550w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Land-Surface-Temperature-Difference-115x94.png 115w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Land-Surface-Temperature-Difference-189x155.png 189w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Land-Surface-Temperature-Difference.png 567w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>This is an example of a local operator because it subtracts each cell from one year to another.  It&#8217;s also an example of an <strong>arithmetic operator<\/strong> because it uses subtraction. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cells overlap with a range of -25\u00b0 to +45\u00b0C. Then, we subtracted 2014 from 2015 land surface values for each cell. As a result, the output map has a range from -40\u00b0 to +40\u00b0C. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>What&#8217;s special about this is that you can pinpoint cells with the greatest difference. If values are positive, this means that 2015 land surface temperatures were hotter. But if values are negative, this means that 2015 land surface temperatures were colder.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"263\" src=\"http:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Land-Surface-Temperature-Subtraction-300x263.png\" alt=\"Land Surface Temperature Subtraction\" class=\"wp-image-4729\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Land-Surface-Temperature-Subtraction-300x263.png 300w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Land-Surface-Temperature-Subtraction-50x44.png 50w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Land-Surface-Temperature-Subtraction-200x175.png 200w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Land-Surface-Temperature-Subtraction-425x372.png 425w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Land-Surface-Temperature-Subtraction-550x482.png 550w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Land-Surface-Temperature-Subtraction-115x101.png 115w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Land-Surface-Temperature-Subtraction-177x155.png 177w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Land-Surface-Temperature-Subtraction.png 628w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>What happens when you have null values? Null isn\u2019t a numerical value. If there are null values in any of the raster cells, they will remain null in the output raster.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Map Algebra in ArcGIS Pro<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>You can use map algebra in ArcGIS Pro in either the &#8220;Spatial Analyst&#8221; or &#8220;Image Analyst&#8221; tools. Remember that you&#8217;ll need any one of these license types to use the tool. In ArcToolbox &gt; Spatial Analyst Tools &gt; Map Algebra &gt; Raster Calculator.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kb-image5118_c5a947-f8.kb-image-is-ratio-size, .kb-image5118_c5a947-f8 .kb-image-is-ratio-size{max-width:600px;width:100%;}.wp-block-kadence-column > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image5118_c5a947-f8.kb-image-is-ratio-size, .wp-block-kadence-column > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image5118_c5a947-f8 .kb-image-is-ratio-size{align-self:unset;}.kb-image5118_c5a947-f8{max-width:600px;}.image-is-svg.kb-image5118_c5a947-f8{-webkit-flex:0 1 100%;flex:0 1 100%;}.image-is-svg.kb-image5118_c5a947-f8 img{width:100%;}.kb-image5118_c5a947-f8 .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;}<\/style>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-kadence-image kb-image5118_c5a947-f8 size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"678\" height=\"456\" src=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Raster-Calculator-ArcGIS-Pro-678x456.jpg\" alt=\"Raster Calculator ArcGIS Pro\" class=\"kb-img wp-image-91049\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Raster-Calculator-ArcGIS-Pro-678x456.jpg 678w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Raster-Calculator-ArcGIS-Pro-300x202.jpg 300w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Raster-Calculator-ArcGIS-Pro-768x516.jpg 768w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Raster-Calculator-ArcGIS-Pro-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Raster-Calculator-ArcGIS-Pro-200x134.jpg 200w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Raster-Calculator-ArcGIS-Pro-425x286.jpg 425w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Raster-Calculator-ArcGIS-Pro-550x370.jpg 550w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Raster-Calculator-ArcGIS-Pro-115x77.jpg 115w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Raster-Calculator-ArcGIS-Pro-360x242.jpg 360w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Raster-Calculator-ArcGIS-Pro.jpg 829w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 678px) 100vw, 678px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Now, let&#8217;s get hands-on experience using the raster calculator in ArcGIS Pro:<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items5118_b0fa7c-7c:not(.this-stops-third-party-issues){margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items5118_b0fa7c-7c ul.kt-svg-icon-list:not(.this-prevents-issues):not(.this-stops-third-party-issues):not(.tijsloc){margin-top:0px;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);margin-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items5118_b0fa7c-7c ul.kt-svg-icon-list{grid-row-gap:5px;}.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items5118_b0fa7c-7c ul.kt-svg-icon-list .kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap .kt-svg-icon-list-single{margin-right:10px;}.kt-svg-icon-list-items5118_b0fa7c-7c ul.kt-svg-icon-list .kt-svg-icon-list-level-0 .kt-svg-icon-list-single svg{font-size:20px;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-iconlist kt-svg-icon-list-items kt-svg-icon-list-items5118_b0fa7c-7c kt-svg-icon-list-columns-1 alignnone kt-list-icon-aligntop\"><ul class=\"kt-svg-icon-list\"><style>.kt-svg-icon-list-item-5118_508f1f-3b .kt-svg-icon-list-text mark.kt-highlight{background-color:unset;font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<li class=\"wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-5118_508f1f-3b\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fe_checkCircle kt-svg-icon-list-single\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"  fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 11.08V12a10 10 0 1 1-5.93-9.14\"\/><polyline points=\"22 4 12 14.01 9 11.01\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-text\">Select your raster data sets and operators<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n<style>.kt-svg-icon-list-item-5118_46c962-a4 .kt-svg-icon-list-text mark.kt-highlight{background-color:unset;font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<li class=\"wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-5118_46c962-a4\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fe_checkCircle kt-svg-icon-list-single\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"  fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 11.08V12a10 10 0 1 1-5.93-9.14\"\/><polyline points=\"22 4 12 14.01 9 11.01\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-text\">Set your function<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n<style>.kt-svg-icon-list-item-5118_6e252d-94 .kt-svg-icon-list-text mark.kt-highlight{background-color:unset;font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<li class=\"wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-5118_6e252d-94\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fe_checkCircle kt-svg-icon-list-single\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"  fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 11.08V12a10 10 0 1 1-5.93-9.14\"\/><polyline points=\"22 4 12 14.01 9 11.01\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-text\">Save as a new raster layer<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Here some of the different types of operators that you can use.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Relational Operators<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Relational operators are logical functions that test a relationship. For example, here are operators that test logic:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Examples of relational operators are: <\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items5118_3dde55-14:not(.this-stops-third-party-issues){margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items5118_3dde55-14 ul.kt-svg-icon-list:not(.this-prevents-issues):not(.this-stops-third-party-issues):not(.tijsloc){margin-top:0px;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);margin-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items5118_3dde55-14 ul.kt-svg-icon-list{grid-row-gap:5px;}.wp-block-kadence-iconlist.kt-svg-icon-list-items5118_3dde55-14 ul.kt-svg-icon-list .kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap .kt-svg-icon-list-single{margin-right:10px;}.kt-svg-icon-list-items5118_3dde55-14 ul.kt-svg-icon-list .kt-svg-icon-list-level-0 .kt-svg-icon-list-single svg{font-size:20px;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-iconlist kt-svg-icon-list-items kt-svg-icon-list-items5118_3dde55-14 kt-svg-icon-list-columns-1 alignnone kt-list-icon-aligntop\"><ul class=\"kt-svg-icon-list\"><style>.kt-svg-icon-list-item-5118_306829-dc .kt-svg-icon-list-text mark.kt-highlight{background-color:unset;font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<li class=\"wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-5118_306829-dc\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fe_checkCircle kt-svg-icon-list-single\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"  fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 11.08V12a10 10 0 1 1-5.93-9.14\"\/><polyline points=\"22 4 12 14.01 9 11.01\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-text\">Equal to<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n<style>.kt-svg-icon-list-item-5118_535fd6-9e .kt-svg-icon-list-text mark.kt-highlight{background-color:unset;font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<li class=\"wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-5118_535fd6-9e\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fe_checkCircle kt-svg-icon-list-single\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"  fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 11.08V12a10 10 0 1 1-5.93-9.14\"\/><polyline points=\"22 4 12 14.01 9 11.01\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-text\">Not equal to<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n<style>.kt-svg-icon-list-item-5118_1d3dbc-f2 .kt-svg-icon-list-text mark.kt-highlight{background-color:unset;font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<li class=\"wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-5118_1d3dbc-f2\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fe_checkCircle kt-svg-icon-list-single\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"  fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 11.08V12a10 10 0 1 1-5.93-9.14\"\/><polyline points=\"22 4 12 14.01 9 11.01\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-text\">Less than<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n<style>.kt-svg-icon-list-item-5118_6568bb-de .kt-svg-icon-list-text mark.kt-highlight{background-color:unset;font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<li class=\"wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-5118_6568bb-de\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fe_checkCircle kt-svg-icon-list-single\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"  fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 11.08V12a10 10 0 1 1-5.93-9.14\"\/><polyline points=\"22 4 12 14.01 9 11.01\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kt-svg-icon-list-text\">Greater than<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>If it&#8217;s true, it returns a value of 1. But if it&#8217;s false, then it returns a value of 0.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"361\" height=\"135\" src=\"http:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Relational-Operator.png\" alt=\"Relational Operator\" class=\"wp-image-5864\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Relational-Operator.png 361w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Relational-Operator-300x112.png 300w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Relational-Operator-50x19.png 50w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Relational-Operator-200x75.png 200w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Relational-Operator-115x43.png 115w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 361px) 100vw, 361px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Statistical Operators<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Statistical operators calculate statistics for each cell by using statistical functions. For example, minimum, maximum, average, or median are statistical operators.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>You can really crunch numbers using tools like <a href=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/zonal-statistics\/\">zonal statistics<\/a>. This tool uses a statistical operator to evaluate numbers for all cell values within a zone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For example, zonal mean, median, and minimum are tools that use statistical operators.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Data Citation<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Land Surface Temperature Data provided by <a href=\"https:\/\/neo.gsfc.nasa.gov\/\">NASA&#8217;s Earth Observatory Team<\/a>, using data provided by the MODIS Land Science Team.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Map algebra is a cell-by-cell combination of stacked raster grids.  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