{"id":77327,"date":"2023-02-15T09:06:00","date_gmt":"2023-02-15T15:06:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/?p=77327"},"modified":"2025-04-05T21:38:46","modified_gmt":"2025-04-06T02:38:46","slug":"raster-analysis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/raster-analysis\/","title":{"rendered":"Raster Analysis in GIS &#8211; Tools and Techniques"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>.kb-image77327_773bd2-47 .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;}<\/style>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-kadence-image kb-image77327_773bd2-47 size-medium_large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"432\" src=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Raster-Analysis-Feature-768x432.jpg\" alt=\"Raster Analysis Feature\" class=\"kb-img wp-image-77328\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Raster-Analysis-Feature-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Raster-Analysis-Feature-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Raster-Analysis-Feature-678x381.jpg 678w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Raster-Analysis-Feature-200x113.jpg 200w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Raster-Analysis-Feature-425x239.jpg 425w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Raster-Analysis-Feature-550x309.jpg 550w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Raster-Analysis-Feature-115x65.jpg 115w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Raster-Analysis-Feature-1000x563.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Raster-Analysis-Feature-360x203.jpg 360w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Raster-Analysis-Feature.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading77327_e72e56-33, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading77327_e72e56-33[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading77327_e72e56-33\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading77327_e72e56-33 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading77327_e72e56-33[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading77327_e72e56-33\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading77327_e72e56-33 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading77327_e72e56-33[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading77327_e72e56-33\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading77327_e72e56-33 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading77327_e72e56-33\">What is Raster Analysis?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Raster analysis<\/strong> is the process of analyzing spatial information contained in <strong>grid datasets<\/strong>. Each cell in a grid contains a value or class, which could be related to soils, land cover, elevation, or another type of data.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Using raster analysis, we can understand data about a place by looking at the pixel value. Unlike <a href=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/spatial-data-types-vector-raster\/\">vector data<\/a>, rasters contain pixels. Each pixel contains information about a particular geographic location.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity is-style-default\"\/>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote has-text-align-center is-style-large is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p style=\"font-size:25px\">Raster analysis involves analyzing and modeling geographic data using a grid.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity is-style-default\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>Before we get started, we&#8217;ve created a <a href=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/spatial-analysis-periodic-table\/\">periodic table for spatial analysis<\/a>, which classifies vector and table tools on the left. On the right, you can find the most common raster analysis tools in shades of purple, blue, and green. This article will go through these raster-based tools.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1188\" src=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Spatial-Analysis-Periodic-Table.jpg\" alt=\"Spatial Analysis Periodic Table\" class=\"wp-image-97510\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Spatial-Analysis-Periodic-Table.jpg 2000w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Spatial-Analysis-Periodic-Table-300x178.jpg 300w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Spatial-Analysis-Periodic-Table-678x403.jpg 678w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Spatial-Analysis-Periodic-Table-768x456.jpg 768w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Spatial-Analysis-Periodic-Table-1536x912.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading77327_4ffadf-38, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading77327_4ffadf-38[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading77327_4ffadf-38\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading77327_4ffadf-38 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading77327_4ffadf-38[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading77327_4ffadf-38\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading77327_4ffadf-38 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading77327_4ffadf-38[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading77327_4ffadf-38\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading77327_4ffadf-38 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading77327_4ffadf-38\">Raster Analysis Tools Techniques<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>There are several raster processing techniques you can use to analyze your data. Here are some of the most popular:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1. <strong>Map Algebra<\/strong> &#8211; Map algebra is a set of mathematical operations used to analyze raster data. For example, <a href=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/map-algebra-global-zonal-focal-local\/\">map algebra<\/a> includes local, focal, zonal, and global operations.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kb-image77327_11ec42-0b.kb-image-is-ratio-size, .kb-image77327_11ec42-0b .kb-image-is-ratio-size{max-width:370px;width:100%;}.wp-block-kadence-column > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image77327_11ec42-0b.kb-image-is-ratio-size, .wp-block-kadence-column > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image77327_11ec42-0b .kb-image-is-ratio-size{align-self:unset;}.kb-image77327_11ec42-0b figure{max-width:370px;}.kb-image77327_11ec42-0b .image-is-svg, .kb-image77327_11ec42-0b .image-is-svg img{width:100%;}.kb-image77327_11ec42-0b .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-image kb-image77327_11ec42-0b\"><figure class=\"alignright size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"333\" src=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/Zonal-Operation.png\" alt=\"Zonal Operation\" class=\"kb-img wp-image-5483\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/Zonal-Operation.png 500w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/Zonal-Operation-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/Zonal-Operation-50x33.png 50w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/Zonal-Operation-150x100.png 150w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/Zonal-Operation-200x133.png 200w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/Zonal-Operation-425x283.png 425w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/Zonal-Operation-115x77.png 115w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/Zonal-Operation-233x155.png 233w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>2. <strong>Zonal Statistics<\/strong> &#8211; This raster tool allows users to summarize information about one or more features within a zone. For instance, you calculate the mean, median, sum, minimum, maximum, and standard deviation of a set of values using <a href=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/zonal-statistics\/\">zonal statistics<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3. <strong>Contours<\/strong> &#8211; Contours are a representation of the shape and elevation of terrain features. GIS analysts generate <a href=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/contour-lines-topographic-map\/\">contours<\/a> by connecting points of equal elevation across a given area.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4. <strong>Math Functions<\/strong> &#8211; Math functions execute a type of numerical expression on a cell-by-cell basis. For instance, this may include arithmetic, power, exponential, and logarithmic types of functions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>5. <strong>Conditionals<\/strong> &#8211; A conditional function (or logical operator) is a raster operation that evaluates a set of conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>6. <strong>Cost Path<\/strong> &#8211; From a given source to a destination location, <a href=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/least-cost-path-analysis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">cost path analysis<\/a> identifies the most cost-effective path.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kb-image77327_ff0412-13 .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-image kb-image77327_ff0412-13\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"678\" height=\"235\" src=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Least-Cost-Path-Analysis-678x235.jpg\" alt=\"Least Cost Path Analysis\" class=\"kb-img wp-image-44853\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Least-Cost-Path-Analysis-678x235.jpg 678w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Least-Cost-Path-Analysis-300x104.jpg 300w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Least-Cost-Path-Analysis-768x266.jpg 768w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Least-Cost-Path-Analysis-50x17.jpg 50w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Least-Cost-Path-Analysis-200x69.jpg 200w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Least-Cost-Path-Analysis-425x147.jpg 425w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Least-Cost-Path-Analysis-550x191.jpg 550w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Least-Cost-Path-Analysis-115x40.jpg 115w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Least-Cost-Path-Analysis-1265x439.jpg 1265w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Least-Cost-Path-Analysis-360x125.jpg 360w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Least-Cost-Path-Analysis.jpg 1344w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 678px) 100vw, 678px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>7. <strong>Terrain Analysis<\/strong> &#8211; Terrain analysis is the process of using digital elevation data (DEM) to analyze various aspects of a landscape&#8217;s topography.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>8. <strong>Suitability<\/strong> &#8211; A suitability analysis evaluates the potential of an area for a certain activity or purpose. This could include <a href=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/geographically-weighted-regression\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">spatial regression models<\/a> or other factors such as climate, soil type, and infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>9. <strong>Raster Processing<\/strong> &#8211; Raster processing is a &#8220;catch-all&#8221; term used to transform existing grid data into new outputs. Common raster processing tasks include selecting, clipping, and splitting raster datasets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>10. <strong>Interpolation<\/strong> &#8211; Interpolation techniques estimate unknown values based on existing sample points. The output of interpolation (such as <a href=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/inverse-distance-weighting-idw-interpolation\/\">IDW<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/kriging-interpolation-prediction\/\">kriging<\/a>, or spline) is a raster surface.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kb-image77327_458782-ea .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-image kb-image77327_458782-ea\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"678\" height=\"216\" src=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/IDW-Power2-678x216.png\" alt=\"IDW Power 2\" class=\"kb-img wp-image-10651\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/IDW-Power2-678x216.png 678w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/IDW-Power2-300x96.png 300w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/IDW-Power2-768x245.png 768w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/IDW-Power2-50x16.png 50w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/IDW-Power2-200x64.png 200w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/IDW-Power2-425x135.png 425w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/IDW-Power2-550x175.png 550w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/IDW-Power2-115x37.png 115w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/IDW-Power2-850x271.png 850w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/IDW-Power2-487x155.png 487w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/IDW-Power2.png 1165w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 678px) 100vw, 678px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>If you&#8217;re looking for more examples of raster tools, here are more examples in the <a href=\"https:\/\/pro.arcgis.com\/en\/pro-app\/latest\/tool-reference\/raster-analysis\/an-overview-of-the-raster-analysis-toolbox.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Raster Analysis Toolbox in ArcGIS Pro<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading77327_ccd223-1d, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading77327_ccd223-1d[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading77327_ccd223-1d\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading77327_ccd223-1d mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading77327_ccd223-1d[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading77327_ccd223-1d\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading77327_ccd223-1d img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading77327_ccd223-1d[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading77327_ccd223-1d\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading77327_ccd223-1d wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading77327_ccd223-1d\">Selecting a Raster Data Type<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Before you perform any type of raster processing, it is important to know the different data types you can use. The two main types of raster data are (1) continuous data and (2) discrete data.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id77327_222dd0-3a > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id77327_222dd0-3a > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id77327_222dd0-3a > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}.kb-row-layout-id77327_222dd0-3a > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id77327_222dd0-3a > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id77327_222dd0-3a > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id77327_222dd0-3a alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column77327_2fa342-e2 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column77327_2fa342-e2 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column77327_2fa342-e2 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column77327_2fa342-e2 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column77327_2fa342-e2 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column77327_2fa342-e2 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column77327_2fa342-e2{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column77327_2fa342-e2 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column77327_2fa342-e2 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column77327_2fa342-e2 inner-column-1\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<p><strong>Continuous Data <\/strong>&#8211; Continuous raster data refers to data that has a quantitative value. For instance, temperature, population, or imagery is continuous data.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"425\" height=\"135\" src=\"http:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/continuous-raster-425x135.png\" alt=\"Continuous raster\" class=\"wp-image-4465\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/continuous-raster-425x135.png 425w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/continuous-raster-300x95.png 300w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/continuous-raster-678x215.png 678w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/continuous-raster-50x16.png 50w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/continuous-raster-200x63.png 200w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/continuous-raster-550x174.png 550w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/continuous-raster-115x36.png 115w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/continuous-raster-489x155.png 489w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/continuous-raster.png 710w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 425px) 100vw, 425px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column77327_a43785-74 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column77327_a43785-74 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column77327_a43785-74 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column77327_a43785-74 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column77327_a43785-74 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column77327_a43785-74 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column77327_a43785-74{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column77327_a43785-74 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column77327_a43785-74 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column77327_a43785-74 inner-column-2\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<p><strong>Discrete Data<\/strong> &#8211; Discrete data refers to data that is qualitative and has values that are mutually exclusive. For example, it could be the presence or absence of a species or land cover.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"350\" height=\"116\" src=\"http:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/discrete-raster.png\" alt=\"Discrete raster\" class=\"wp-image-4466\" style=\"width:350px;height:116px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/discrete-raster.png 350w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/discrete-raster-300x99.png 300w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/discrete-raster-50x17.png 50w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/discrete-raster-200x66.png 200w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/discrete-raster-115x38.png 115w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>When performing raster analysis, it is important to select the right data type. It is important to consider both the size of your data and the level of detail within it. This will help you decide which data type to use for raster processing.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading77327_3080e2-94, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading77327_3080e2-94[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading77327_3080e2-94\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading77327_3080e2-94 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading77327_3080e2-94[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading77327_3080e2-94\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading77327_3080e2-94 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading77327_3080e2-94[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading77327_3080e2-94\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading77327_3080e2-94 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading77327_3080e2-94\">Choosing the Right Raster Scale<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>When doing raster analysis, it&#8217;s important to use and create raster data at the right scale.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id77327_52cd73-f1 > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id77327_52cd73-f1 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id77327_52cd73-f1 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}.kb-row-layout-id77327_52cd73-f1 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id77327_52cd73-f1 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id77327_52cd73-f1 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id77327_52cd73-f1 alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column77327_d72e85-53 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column77327_d72e85-53 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column77327_d72e85-53 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column77327_d72e85-53 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column77327_d72e85-53 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column77327_d72e85-53 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column77327_d72e85-53{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column77327_d72e85-53 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column77327_d72e85-53 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column77327_d72e85-53 inner-column-1\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<p><strong>High Resolution <\/strong>&#8211; The smaller the grid size is, the more computing power and storage your raster analysis and data require.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column77327_b002a5-50 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column77327_b002a5-50 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column77327_b002a5-50 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column77327_b002a5-50 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column77327_b002a5-50 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column77327_b002a5-50 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column77327_b002a5-50{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column77327_b002a5-50 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column77327_b002a5-50 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column77327_b002a5-50 inner-column-2\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<p><strong>Low Resolution <\/strong>&#8211; A larger grid size is smaller in file size. But if your grid size is too large, then you lose detail in your raster data.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"450\" height=\"186\" src=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/Spatial-Resolution-Comparison.png\" alt=\"Spatial Resolution Comparison\" class=\"wp-image-7891\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/Spatial-Resolution-Comparison.png 450w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/Spatial-Resolution-Comparison-300x124.png 300w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/Spatial-Resolution-Comparison-50x21.png 50w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/Spatial-Resolution-Comparison-200x83.png 200w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/Spatial-Resolution-Comparison-425x176.png 425w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/Spatial-Resolution-Comparison-115x48.png 115w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/Spatial-Resolution-Comparison-375x155.png 375w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>No matter which cell size you pick, it&#8217;s always important to consider the resolution of your input or output raster data.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading77327_d74ca5-29, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading77327_d74ca5-29[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading77327_d74ca5-29\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading77327_d74ca5-29 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading77327_d74ca5-29[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading77327_d74ca5-29\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading77327_d74ca5-29 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading77327_d74ca5-29[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading77327_d74ca5-29\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading77327_d74ca5-29 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading77327_d74ca5-29\">Examples of Raster Analysis<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>You&#8217;ll most often see raster analysis in remote sensing. Satellite imagery, <a href=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/free-global-dem-data-sources\/\">digital elevation models<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/free-global-land-cover-land-use-data\/\">land cover products<\/a> are all examples of grid-based data. But it&#8217;s not limited to remote sensing as we often use raster data in disciplines such as geology, hydrology, and soil science.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For example, a hydrologist may use this type of analysis to calculate the slope and runoff in an area. Alternatively, an ecologist may use it to develop a habitat suitability model. A geologist may use raster data and analysis to create a soil map that shows the types of soil found in an area and how they are distributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There are <a href=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/gis-applications-uses\/\">thousands of GIS applications<\/a> for spatial analysis. Raster analysis is helpful for projects that involve mapping and visualizing data in the environment and geospatial research. For example, if you are studying the <a href=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/climate-change-effects-maps\/\">changing temperatures<\/a> in a specific area over time, you can use raster processing to create a map that shows this data.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading77327_05d46a-fc, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading77327_05d46a-fc[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading77327_05d46a-fc\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading77327_05d46a-fc mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading77327_05d46a-fc[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading77327_05d46a-fc\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading77327_05d46a-fc img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading77327_05d46a-fc[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading77327_05d46a-fc\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading77327_05d46a-fc wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading77327_05d46a-fc\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Raster analysis uses gridded data for geospatial analysis. Although we most commonly associate it with remote sensing, we can use raster processing in a wide range of disciplines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Raster analysis can identify trends and patterns in data or detect changes over time on a cell-by-cell basis. Overall, raster analysis is a helpful tool in GIS for analyzing large volumes of data quickly.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Raster analysis is the process of analyzing spatial information contained in grid datasets such as soils, land cover, elevation, and more.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":77328,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[90],"tags":[448],"class_list":["post-77327","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gis-analysis","tag-raster-tools"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Raster Analysis in GIS - Tools and Techniques - GIS Geography<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Raster analysis is the process of analyzing spatial information contained in grid datasets such as soils, land cover, elevation, and more.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/raster-analysis\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Raster Analysis in GIS - Tools and Techniques - GIS Geography\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Raster analysis is the process of analyzing spatial information contained in grid datasets such as soils, land cover, elevation, and more.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/raster-analysis\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"GIS Geography\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/gisgeography\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/gisgeography\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-02-15T15:06:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-04-06T02:38:46+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Raster-Analysis-Feature.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"675\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"GISGeography\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@https:\/\/twitter.com\/GisGeography\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@GisGeography\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"GISGeography\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gisgeography.com\\\/raster-analysis\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gisgeography.com\\\/raster-analysis\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"GISGeography\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gisgeography.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/9e7385da3acea92bc45d45be5dfe191e\"},\"headline\":\"Raster Analysis in GIS &#8211; 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