{"id":90664,"date":"2025-01-22T08:52:00","date_gmt":"2025-01-22T14:52:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/?p=90664"},"modified":"2025-05-28T14:23:05","modified_gmt":"2025-05-28T19:23:05","slug":"mapping-overlays","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/mapping-overlays\/","title":{"rendered":"Mapping Overlays in GIS"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>.kb-image90664_bec306-12 .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;}<\/style>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-kadence-image kb-image90664_bec306-12 size-medium_large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"422\" src=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Mapping-Overlays-Feature-768x422.jpg\" alt=\"Mapping Overlays Feature\" class=\"kb-img wp-image-90665\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Mapping-Overlays-Feature-768x422.jpg 768w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Mapping-Overlays-Feature-300x165.jpg 300w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Mapping-Overlays-Feature-678x373.jpg 678w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Mapping-Overlays-Feature-200x110.jpg 200w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Mapping-Overlays-Feature-425x234.jpg 425w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Mapping-Overlays-Feature-550x303.jpg 550w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Mapping-Overlays-Feature-115x63.jpg 115w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Mapping-Overlays-Feature-360x198.jpg 360w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Mapping-Overlays-Feature.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column90664_0fe2ce-a213 > .kt-inside-inner-col{display:flex;}.kadence-column90664_0fe2ce-a213 > .kt-inside-inner-col{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}.kadence-column90664_0fe2ce-a213 > .kt-inside-inner-col{border-top:1px solid #d3d3d3;border-right:1px solid #d3d3d3;border-bottom:1px solid #d3d3d3;border-left:1px solid #d3d3d3;}.kadence-column90664_0fe2ce-a213 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column90664_0fe2ce-a213 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:10px;border-top-right-radius:10px;border-bottom-right-radius:10px;border-bottom-left-radius:10px;}.kadence-column90664_0fe2ce-a213 > .kt-inside-inner-col{row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-none, 0rem );column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column90664_0fe2ce-a213 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column90664_0fe2ce-a213 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column90664_0fe2ce-a213 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column90664_0fe2ce-a213{position:relative;}.kadence-column90664_0fe2ce-a213, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column90664_0fe2ce-a213:not(.specificity){margin-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column90664_0fe2ce-a213 > .kt-inside-inner-col{border-top:1px solid #d3d3d3;border-right:1px solid #d3d3d3;border-bottom:1px solid #d3d3d3;border-left:1px solid #d3d3d3;flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column90664_0fe2ce-a213 > .kt-inside-inner-col{border-top:1px solid #d3d3d3;border-right:1px solid #d3d3d3;border-bottom:1px solid #d3d3d3;border-left:1px solid #d3d3d3;flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column90664_0fe2ce-a213\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading90664_6fde84-8411, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading90664_6fde84-8411[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading90664_6fde84-8411\"]{padding-bottom:0px;margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);font-size:16px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading90664_6fde84-8411 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading90664_6fde84-8411[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading90664_6fde84-8411\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading90664_6fde84-8411 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading90664_6fde84-8411[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading90664_6fde84-8411\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading90664_6fde84-8411 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading90664_6fde84-8411\"><strong>DEFINITION:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading90664_854bf7-4c12, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading90664_854bf7-4c12[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading90664_854bf7-4c12\"]{font-size:16px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading90664_854bf7-4c12 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading90664_854bf7-4c12[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading90664_854bf7-4c12\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading90664_854bf7-4c12 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading90664_854bf7-4c12[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading90664_854bf7-4c12\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading90664_854bf7-4c12 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading90664_854bf7-4c12\">Mapping overlays is the process of <strong>layering different maps on top of each other<\/strong> to analyze how different types of geographic data relate to each other.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Map Layer Overlays<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Mapping overlays<\/strong> in GIS work like stacking layers on top of each other. Each layer represents a different data type, such as roads, rivers, or population.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>By placing these layers together, we can see how different features <strong>interact in the same space<\/strong>. For example, overlaying a pollution layer with a population layer shows where health risks might be higher.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Overlays can also show changes over time. So, they&#8217;re helpful ways to <strong>analyze geographic data<\/strong> and improve decision-making.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Overlay Analysis Tools in GIS<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.kb-image90664_68b5c1-49.kb-image-is-ratio-size, .kb-image90664_68b5c1-49 .kb-image-is-ratio-size{max-width:375px;width:100%;}.wp-block-kadence-column > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image90664_68b5c1-49.kb-image-is-ratio-size, .wp-block-kadence-column > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image90664_68b5c1-49 .kb-image-is-ratio-size{align-self:unset;}.kb-image90664_68b5c1-49 figure{max-width:375px;}.kb-image90664_68b5c1-49 .image-is-svg, .kb-image90664_68b5c1-49 .image-is-svg img{width:100%;}.kb-image90664_68b5c1-49 .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-image kb-image90664_68b5c1-49\"><figure class=\"alignright size-medium-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"425\" height=\"302\" src=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Mapping-Overlays-425x302.jpg\" alt=\"Mapping Overlays\" class=\"kb-img wp-image-90666\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Mapping-Overlays-425x302.jpg 425w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Mapping-Overlays-300x213.jpg 300w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Mapping-Overlays-678x482.jpg 678w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Mapping-Overlays-768x546.jpg 768w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Mapping-Overlays-200x142.jpg 200w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Mapping-Overlays-550x391.jpg 550w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Mapping-Overlays-115x82.jpg 115w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Mapping-Overlays-360x256.jpg 360w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Mapping-Overlays.jpg 950w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 425px) 100vw, 425px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Overlay tools in <a href=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/spatial-analysis-periodic-table\/\">GIS analysis<\/a> combine layers of data to see how they interact and relate. For instance, you can overlay a land use map with environmental data to identify at-risk areas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>They help answer <strong>questions related to geography<\/strong>, like where to build without harming natural habitats. Overlay tools use techniques like intersecting, merging, and clipping to mix data layers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>They&#8217;re especially useful for analyzing geographical changes over time. For example, you can <a href=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/global-forest-maps\/\">track deforestation<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/climate-change-effects-maps\/\">urban expansion<\/a>. By layering historical and current maps, we can visualize changes and predict future trends.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Examples of Map Overlay Operations<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Interestingly, the use of overlays has changed how we use GIS. From simple mapping to more complex spatial analysis, we can <strong>overlay dozens of layers<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here are some of the most common map overlay examples that we use in GIS:<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-wrap.wp-block-kadence-rowlayout.kb-row-layout-id90664_8c3dc2-c8{margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);}.kb-row-layout-id90664_8c3dc2-c8 > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id90664_8c3dc2-c8 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id90664_8c3dc2-c8 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}.kb-row-layout-id90664_8c3dc2-c8 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id90664_8c3dc2-c8 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id90664_8c3dc2-c8 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id90664_8c3dc2-c8 alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column90664_693784-23 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column90664_693784-23 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column90664_693784-23 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column90664_693784-23 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column90664_693784-23 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column90664_693784-23 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column90664_693784-23{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column90664_693784-23 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column90664_693784-23 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column90664_693784-23\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading90664_f8b69f-cc, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading90664_f8b69f-cc[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading90664_f8b69f-cc\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading90664_f8b69f-cc mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading90664_f8b69f-cc[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading90664_f8b69f-cc\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading90664_f8b69f-cc img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading90664_f8b69f-cc[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading90664_f8b69f-cc\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h3 class=\"kt-adv-heading90664_f8b69f-cc wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading90664_f8b69f-cc\">Intersect<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Finds common areas between layers. The <a href=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/intersect-tool-gis\/\">Intersect tool<\/a> retains attributes between all overlapping features.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kb-image90664_54429f-16 .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;}<\/style>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-kadence-image kb-image90664_54429f-16 size-medium-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"425\" height=\"221\" src=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Intersect-Tool-425x221.png\" alt=\"Intersect Tool\" class=\"kb-img wp-image-44681\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Intersect-Tool-425x221.png 425w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Intersect-Tool-300x156.png 300w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Intersect-Tool-678x353.png 678w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Intersect-Tool-768x399.png 768w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Intersect-Tool-50x26.png 50w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Intersect-Tool-200x104.png 200w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Intersect-Tool-550x286.png 550w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Intersect-Tool-135x70.png 135w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Intersect-Tool-115x60.png 115w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Intersect-Tool-1265x658.png 1265w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Intersect-Tool-360x187.png 360w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Intersect-Tool.png 1392w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 425px) 100vw, 425px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column90664_41cc77-28 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column90664_41cc77-28 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column90664_41cc77-28 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column90664_41cc77-28 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column90664_41cc77-28 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column90664_41cc77-28 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column90664_41cc77-28{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column90664_41cc77-28 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column90664_41cc77-28 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column90664_41cc77-28\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading90664_e5dd77-86, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading90664_e5dd77-86[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading90664_e5dd77-86\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading90664_e5dd77-86 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading90664_e5dd77-86[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading90664_e5dd77-86\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading90664_e5dd77-86 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading90664_e5dd77-86[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading90664_e5dd77-86\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h3 class=\"kt-adv-heading90664_e5dd77-86 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading90664_e5dd77-86\">Merge<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Combines several layers into one. The <a href=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/merge-tool-gis\/\">Merge tool<\/a> aggregates points, lines, and polygon vector features.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kb-image90664_310a61-5e .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;}<\/style>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-kadence-image kb-image90664_310a61-5e size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"678\" height=\"261\" src=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Merge-Tool-678x261.png\" alt=\"Merge Tool\" class=\"kb-img wp-image-44697\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Merge-Tool-678x261.png 678w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Merge-Tool-300x116.png 300w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Merge-Tool-768x296.png 768w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Merge-Tool-50x19.png 50w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Merge-Tool-200x77.png 200w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Merge-Tool-425x164.png 425w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Merge-Tool-550x212.png 550w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Merge-Tool-115x44.png 115w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Merge-Tool-1265x488.png 1265w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Merge-Tool-360x139.png 360w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Merge-Tool.png 1453w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 678px) 100vw, 678px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-wrap.wp-block-kadence-rowlayout.kb-row-layout-id90664_8467b7-8c{margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);}.kb-row-layout-id90664_8467b7-8c > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id90664_8467b7-8c > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id90664_8467b7-8c > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}.kb-row-layout-id90664_8467b7-8c > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id90664_8467b7-8c > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id90664_8467b7-8c > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id90664_8467b7-8c alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column90664_f7d1d7-93 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column90664_f7d1d7-93 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column90664_f7d1d7-93 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column90664_f7d1d7-93 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column90664_f7d1d7-93 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column90664_f7d1d7-93 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column90664_f7d1d7-93{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column90664_f7d1d7-93 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column90664_f7d1d7-93 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column90664_f7d1d7-93\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading90664_5fe49b-29, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading90664_5fe49b-29[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading90664_5fe49b-29\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading90664_5fe49b-29 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading90664_5fe49b-29[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading90664_5fe49b-29\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading90664_5fe49b-29 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading90664_5fe49b-29[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading90664_5fe49b-29\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h3 class=\"kt-adv-heading90664_5fe49b-29 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading90664_5fe49b-29\">Erase<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Removes all areas that overlap one another. The output of the <a href=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/erase-tool-gis\/\">Erase tool<\/a> includes all features that fall outside the erase features.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kb-image90664_f3e3ab-33 .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;}<\/style>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-kadence-image kb-image90664_f3e3ab-33 size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"678\" height=\"231\" src=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/Erase-Tool-678x231.jpg\" alt=\"Erase Tool\" class=\"kb-img wp-image-97421\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/Erase-Tool-678x231.jpg 678w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/Erase-Tool-300x102.jpg 300w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/Erase-Tool-768x261.jpg 768w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/Erase-Tool.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 678px) 100vw, 678px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column90664_5401f1-4f > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column90664_5401f1-4f > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column90664_5401f1-4f > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column90664_5401f1-4f > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column90664_5401f1-4f > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column90664_5401f1-4f > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column90664_5401f1-4f{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column90664_5401f1-4f > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column90664_5401f1-4f > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column90664_5401f1-4f\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading90664_e52a30-34, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading90664_e52a30-34[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading90664_e52a30-34\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading90664_e52a30-34 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading90664_e52a30-34[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading90664_e52a30-34\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading90664_e52a30-34 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading90664_e52a30-34[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading90664_e52a30-34\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h3 class=\"kt-adv-heading90664_e52a30-34 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading90664_e52a30-34\">Clip<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Cuts out a piece of one layer using the boundary of another. Attributes only remain from the input features using the <a href=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/clip-tool-gis\/\">Clip tool<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kb-image90664_6084a9-c0 .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;}<\/style>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-kadence-image kb-image90664_6084a9-c0 size-medium-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"425\" height=\"135\" src=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Clip-Tool-425x135.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"kb-img wp-image-44658\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Clip-Tool-425x135.png 425w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Clip-Tool-300x95.png 300w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Clip-Tool-678x215.png 678w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Clip-Tool-768x243.png 768w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Clip-Tool-1536x487.png 1536w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Clip-Tool-50x16.png 50w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Clip-Tool-200x63.png 200w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Clip-Tool-550x174.png 550w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Clip-Tool-115x36.png 115w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Clip-Tool-1265x401.png 1265w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Clip-Tool-360x114.png 360w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Clip-Tool-1550x491.png 1550w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Clip-Tool.png 1768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 425px) 100vw, 425px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-wrap.wp-block-kadence-rowlayout.kb-row-layout-id90664_e90411-ba{margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);}.kb-row-layout-id90664_e90411-ba > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id90664_e90411-ba > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id90664_e90411-ba > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}.kb-row-layout-id90664_e90411-ba > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id90664_e90411-ba > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id90664_e90411-ba > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id90664_e90411-ba alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column90664_fe6d4d-10 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column90664_fe6d4d-10 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column90664_fe6d4d-10 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column90664_fe6d4d-10 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column90664_fe6d4d-10 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column90664_fe6d4d-10 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column90664_fe6d4d-10{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column90664_fe6d4d-10 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column90664_fe6d4d-10 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column90664_fe6d4d-10\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading90664_cc02d0-02, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading90664_cc02d0-02[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading90664_cc02d0-02\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading90664_cc02d0-02 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading90664_cc02d0-02[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading90664_cc02d0-02\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading90664_cc02d0-02 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading90664_cc02d0-02[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading90664_cc02d0-02\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h3 class=\"kt-adv-heading90664_cc02d0-02 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading90664_cc02d0-02\">Union<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Combines all areas of both layers. The <a href=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/union-tool\/\">Union tool<\/a> preserves feature boundaries in the output.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kb-image90664_fd39f7-ea .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;}<\/style>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-kadence-image kb-image90664_fd39f7-ea size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"678\" height=\"231\" src=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Union-Tool-678x231.jpg\" alt=\"Union Tool\" class=\"kb-img wp-image-97416\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Union-Tool-678x231.jpg 678w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Union-Tool-300x102.jpg 300w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Union-Tool-768x261.jpg 768w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Union-Tool.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 678px) 100vw, 678px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column90664_49789a-e7 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column90664_49789a-e7 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column90664_49789a-e7 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column90664_49789a-e7 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column90664_49789a-e7 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column90664_49789a-e7 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column90664_49789a-e7{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column90664_49789a-e7 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column90664_49789a-e7 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column90664_49789a-e7\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading90664_2294e3-d7, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading90664_2294e3-d7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading90664_2294e3-d7\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading90664_2294e3-d7 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading90664_2294e3-d7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading90664_2294e3-d7\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading90664_2294e3-d7 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading90664_2294e3-d7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading90664_2294e3-d7\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h3 class=\"kt-adv-heading90664_2294e3-d7 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading90664_2294e3-d7\">Dissolve<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Combines adjacent boundaries based on common attributes. The <a href=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/dissolve-tool-gis\/\">Dissolve tool<\/a> melts boundaries based on the same attribute.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kb-image90664_3fc591-26 .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;}<\/style>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-kadence-image kb-image90664_3fc591-26 size-medium-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"425\" height=\"143\" src=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Dissolve-Tool-425x143.png\" alt=\"Dissolve Tool\" class=\"kb-img wp-image-44698\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Dissolve-Tool-425x143.png 425w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Dissolve-Tool-300x101.png 300w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Dissolve-Tool-678x228.png 678w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Dissolve-Tool-768x258.png 768w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Dissolve-Tool-1536x517.png 1536w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Dissolve-Tool-50x17.png 50w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Dissolve-Tool-200x67.png 200w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Dissolve-Tool-550x185.png 550w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Dissolve-Tool-115x39.png 115w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Dissolve-Tool-1265x425.png 1265w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Dissolve-Tool-360x121.png 360w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Dissolve-Tool-1550x521.png 1550w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Dissolve-Tool.png 1665w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 425px) 100vw, 425px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Each overlay operation has its unique application. But the goal is to understand spatial relationships between geographic features.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:40px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id90664_1a3f22-31 > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:center;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id90664_1a3f22-31 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:center;}.kb-row-layout-id90664_1a3f22-31 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);max-width:var( --global-content-width, 1200px );padding-left:var(--global-content-edge-padding);padding-right:var(--global-content-edge-padding);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-lg, 3rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-lg, 3rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id90664_1a3f22-31{border-top:1px solid #dfe2e6;border-right:1px solid #dfe2e6;border-bottom:1px solid #dfe2e6;border-left:1px solid #dfe2e6;}.kb-row-layout-id90664_1a3f22-31 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:1;background-image:url('https:\/\/xoeyed-bear-defo.instawp.xyz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/lines.jpeg');background-size:cover;background-position:center center;background-attachment:scroll;background-repeat:no-repeat;mix-blend-mode:multiply;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id90664_1a3f22-31 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id90664_1a3f22-31{border-top:1px solid #dfe2e6;border-right:1px solid #dfe2e6;border-bottom:1px solid #dfe2e6;border-left:1px solid #dfe2e6;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id90664_1a3f22-31 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id90664_1a3f22-31{border-top:1px solid #dfe2e6;border-right:1px solid #dfe2e6;border-bottom:1px solid #dfe2e6;border-left:1px solid #dfe2e6;}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id90664_1a3f22-31 alignnone has-theme-palette8-background-color kt-row-has-bg wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-layout-overlay kt-row-overlay-normal\"><\/div><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-1-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-middle kb-theme-content-width\">\n<style>.kadence-column90664_53b3cc-0e > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column90664_53b3cc-0e > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column90664_53b3cc-0e > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column90664_53b3cc-0e > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column90664_53b3cc-0e > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column90664_53b3cc-0e > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column90664_53b3cc-0e{text-align:center;}.kadence-column90664_53b3cc-0e{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column90664_53b3cc-0e > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column90664_53b3cc-0e > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column90664_53b3cc-0e inner-column-1\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading90664_5ddeaa-26, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading90664_5ddeaa-26[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading90664_5ddeaa-26\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-sm, 0.9rem);font-style:normal;text-transform:uppercase;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading90664_5ddeaa-26 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading90664_5ddeaa-26[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading90664_5ddeaa-26\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading90664_5ddeaa-26 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading90664_5ddeaa-26[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading90664_5ddeaa-26\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h6 class=\"kt-adv-heading90664_5ddeaa-26 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading has-theme-palette-6-color has-text-color\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading90664_5ddeaa-26\">History of GIS<\/h6>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading90664_8616e8-c7, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading90664_8616e8-c7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading90664_8616e8-c7\"]{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);font-size:36px;line-height:1;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading90664_8616e8-c7 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading90664_8616e8-c7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading90664_8616e8-c7\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading90664_8616e8-c7 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading90664_8616e8-c7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading90664_8616e8-c7\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading90664_8616e8-c7, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading90664_8616e8-c7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading90664_8616e8-c7\"]{font-size:24px;}}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading90664_8616e8-c7 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading has-theme-palette-3-color has-text-color\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading90664_8616e8-c7\">The Cholera Outbreak<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading90664_aa8715-c7, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading90664_aa8715-c7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading90664_aa8715-c7\"]{max-width:600px;margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;text-align:center;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading90664_aa8715-c7 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading90664_aa8715-c7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading90664_aa8715-c7\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading90664_aa8715-c7 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading90664_aa8715-c7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading90664_aa8715-c7\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading90664_aa8715-c7 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading has-theme-palette-3-color has-text-color\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading90664_aa8715-c7\">A cholera outbreak hit the city of London, England. British physician John Snow began mapping cholera locations, roads, property boundaries, and water lines. John Snow performed one of the <strong>first mapping overlays<\/strong> in history. He overlaid water pump locations with cholera cases. By doing mapping overlays, he found a connection between water pump locations and cholera cases. This <a href=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/history-of-gis\/\">historic moment in GIS<\/a> led to the creation of the field of epidemiology.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kb-image90664_04cf6c-8b .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;}.kb-image90664_04cf6c-8b img.kb-img, .kb-image90664_04cf6c-8b .kb-img img{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-image90664_04cf6c-8b img.kb-img, .kb-image90664_04cf6c-8b .kb-img img{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-image90664_04cf6c-8b img.kb-img, .kb-image90664_04cf6c-8b .kb-img img{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-image kb-image90664_04cf6c-8b\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"350\" height=\"152\" src=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/Cholera-Map.png\" alt=\"Cholera Map\" class=\"kb-img wp-image-4474\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/Cholera-Map.png 350w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/Cholera-Map-300x130.png 300w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/Cholera-Map-50x22.png 50w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/Cholera-Map-80x35.png 80w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/Cholera-Map-200x87.png 200w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/Cholera-Map-115x50.png 115w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading90664_9e8fec-2f, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading90664_9e8fec-2f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading90664_9e8fec-2f\"]{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading90664_9e8fec-2f mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading90664_9e8fec-2f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading90664_9e8fec-2f\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading90664_9e8fec-2f img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading90664_9e8fec-2f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading90664_9e8fec-2f\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading90664_9e8fec-2f wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading90664_9e8fec-2f\">Mapping Overlays in GIS<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Mapping overlays in GIS extract geographic data using <a href=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/geoprocessing-tools\/\">geoprocessing tools<\/a>. By layering different datasets, they allow us to see how they interact in geographic space.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Which <strong>mapping overlays<\/strong> do you use the most? Please let us know in the comment section below.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mapping overlays in GIS work like stacking different layers on top of each other. Each layer represents a different data type.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":90665,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[90],"tags":[447],"class_list":["post-90664","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gis-analysis","tag-vector-tools"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Mapping Overlays in GIS - GIS Geography<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Mapping overlays in GIS work like stacking different layers on top of each other. Each layer represents a different data type.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/mapping-overlays\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Mapping Overlays in GIS - GIS Geography\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Mapping overlays in GIS work like stacking different layers on top of each other. Each layer represents a different data type.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/mapping-overlays\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"GIS Geography\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/gisgeography\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/gisgeography\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-01-22T14:52:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-05-28T19:23:05+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Mapping-Overlays-Feature.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1000\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"550\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"GISGeography\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@https:\/\/twitter.com\/GisGeography\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@GisGeography\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"GISGeography\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gisgeography.com\\\/mapping-overlays\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gisgeography.com\\\/mapping-overlays\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"GISGeography\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gisgeography.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/9e7385da3acea92bc45d45be5dfe191e\"},\"headline\":\"Mapping Overlays in GIS\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-01-22T14:52:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-05-28T19:23:05+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gisgeography.com\\\/mapping-overlays\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":506,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gisgeography.com\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gisgeography.com\\\/mapping-overlays\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gisgeography.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/02\\\/Mapping-Overlays-Feature.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Vector Tools\"],\"articleSection\":[\"GIS Analysis\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/gisgeography.com\\\/mapping-overlays\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gisgeography.com\\\/mapping-overlays\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gisgeography.com\\\/mapping-overlays\\\/\",\"name\":\"Mapping Overlays in GIS - GIS Geography\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gisgeography.com\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gisgeography.com\\\/mapping-overlays\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gisgeography.com\\\/mapping-overlays\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gisgeography.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/02\\\/Mapping-Overlays-Feature.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-01-22T14:52:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-05-28T19:23:05+00:00\",\"description\":\"Mapping overlays in GIS work like stacking different layers on top of each other. 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