{"id":90908,"date":"2025-06-18T08:50:00","date_gmt":"2025-06-18T13:50:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/?p=90908"},"modified":"2024-07-29T13:43:08","modified_gmt":"2024-07-29T18:43:08","slug":"thermal-infrared-sensor-tirs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/thermal-infrared-sensor-tirs\/","title":{"rendered":"Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) on Landsat"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>.kb-image90908_149393-91 .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;}<\/style>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-kadence-image kb-image90908_149393-91 size-medium_large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"393\" src=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Thermal-Infrared-Sensors-TIRS-Landsat-768x393.jpg\" alt=\"Thermal Infrared Sensor TIRS Landsat\" class=\"kb-img wp-image-90909\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Thermal-Infrared-Sensors-TIRS-Landsat-768x393.jpg 768w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Thermal-Infrared-Sensors-TIRS-Landsat-300x153.jpg 300w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Thermal-Infrared-Sensors-TIRS-Landsat-678x347.jpg 678w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Thermal-Infrared-Sensors-TIRS-Landsat-200x102.jpg 200w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Thermal-Infrared-Sensors-TIRS-Landsat-425x217.jpg 425w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Thermal-Infrared-Sensors-TIRS-Landsat-550x281.jpg 550w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Thermal-Infrared-Sensors-TIRS-Landsat-135x70.jpg 135w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Thermal-Infrared-Sensors-TIRS-Landsat-115x59.jpg 115w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Thermal-Infrared-Sensors-TIRS-Landsat-1000x511.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Thermal-Infrared-Sensors-TIRS-Landsat-360x184.jpg 360w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Thermal-Infrared-Sensors-TIRS-Landsat.jpg 1175w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What Does Landsat\u2019s Thermal Infrared Sensor Do?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Landsat&#8217;s Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) measures the <strong>Earth&#8217;s surface temperature<\/strong>. It does this by focusing on the infrared part of the light spectrum, which is invisible to our eyes. Today, let&#8217;s learn about Landsat&#8217;s TIRS sensor.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How Does TIRS Work?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Everything on Earth, like land, water, and plants, gives off heat. TIRS detects this heat and turns it into imagery bands 10 and 11.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kb-image90908_13a5e8-0f .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;}<\/style>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-kadence-image kb-image90908_13a5e8-0f size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"678\" height=\"339\" src=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Landsat7-Sentinel-Comparison-678x339.png\" alt=\"Landsat7 Sentinel Comparison\" class=\"kb-img wp-image-90910\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Landsat7-Sentinel-Comparison-678x339.png 678w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Landsat7-Sentinel-Comparison-300x150.png 300w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Landsat7-Sentinel-Comparison-200x100.png 200w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Landsat7-Sentinel-Comparison-425x213.png 425w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Landsat7-Sentinel-Comparison-550x275.png 550w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Landsat7-Sentinel-Comparison-115x58.png 115w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Landsat7-Sentinel-Comparison-360x180.png 360w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Landsat7-Sentinel-Comparison.png 760w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 678px) 100vw, 678px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>TIRS uses a special sensor called <a href=\"https:\/\/svs.gsfc.nasa.gov\/11070\/\">Quantum Well Infrared Photodetectors<\/a>, or QWIPs. Unlike other types of sensors, QWIPs can detect these thermal wavelengths of light.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The warmer something is, the more infrared light it emits. TIRS captures this thermal energy from Earth and creates a digital image in orbit.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Which Band Is the Thermal Infrared Sensor on Landsat?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Landsat 1 to 3 didn&#8217;t include a thermal band. In 1982, this was the first satellite in the <a href=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/landsat\/\">Landsat program<\/a> that included a thermal band. But the resolution was significantly larger at 120 meters pixel size.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Below, you can find a table that displays all of the Landsat satellites equipped with a thermal sensor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Mission<\/th><th>Thermal Band(s)<\/th><th>Wavelength (\u03bcm)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Landsat-4<\/td><td>Band 6<\/td><td>10.40-12.50<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Landsat-5<\/td><td>Band 6<\/td><td>10.40-12.50<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Landsat-7<\/td><td>Band 6<\/td><td>10.40-12.50<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Landsat-8<\/td><td>Band 10, Band 11<\/td><td>10.60-11.19 (Band 10), 11.50-12.51 (Band 11)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Landsat-9<\/td><td>Band 10, Band 11<\/td><td>10.60-11.19 (Band 10), 11.50-12.51 (Band 11)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Landsat added TIRS-1 and TIRS-2 for more accurate measurements of the Earth&#8217;s surface temperature.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Uses and Applications of Thermal Infrared Sensor<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) has a wide range of uses and applications:<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kb-image90908_b52b4d-40.kb-image-is-ratio-size, .kb-image90908_b52b4d-40 .kb-image-is-ratio-size{max-width:375px;width:100%;}.wp-block-kadence-column > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image90908_b52b4d-40.kb-image-is-ratio-size, .wp-block-kadence-column > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image90908_b52b4d-40 .kb-image-is-ratio-size{align-self:unset;}.kb-image90908_b52b4d-40 figure{max-width:375px;}.kb-image90908_b52b4d-40 .image-is-svg, .kb-image90908_b52b4d-40 .image-is-svg img{width:100%;}.kb-image90908_b52b4d-40 .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-image kb-image90908_b52b4d-40\"><figure class=\"alignright size-medium-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"425\" height=\"343\" src=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Thermal-Band-Surface-Temperature-425x343.jpg\" alt=\"Thermal Band Surface Temperature\" class=\"kb-img wp-image-90912\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Thermal-Band-Surface-Temperature-425x343.jpg 425w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Thermal-Band-Surface-Temperature-300x242.jpg 300w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Thermal-Band-Surface-Temperature-678x547.jpg 678w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Thermal-Band-Surface-Temperature-768x619.jpg 768w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Thermal-Band-Surface-Temperature-200x161.jpg 200w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Thermal-Band-Surface-Temperature-550x443.jpg 550w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Thermal-Band-Surface-Temperature-115x93.jpg 115w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Thermal-Band-Surface-Temperature-360x290.jpg 360w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Thermal-Band-Surface-Temperature.jpg 826w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 425px) 100vw, 425px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Permafrost Monitoring<\/strong>: TIRS monitoring permafrost, helping predict potential releases of methane.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Active Volcanoes<\/strong>: By observing the heat patterns of active volcanoes, TIRS allows scientists to predict eruptions.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Agriculture<\/strong>: Farmers use data from TIRS to manage irrigation and detect plant stress to protect crops.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Climate Change<\/strong>: TIRS can track temperature changes on Earth&#8217;s surface and better understand global warming trends.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Water Resources<\/strong>: The sensor is essential for managing water usage, identifying overuse, and planning for water conservation in arid regions.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>By understanding surface temperature, TIRS provides us with strategies for detecting hazards and managing water resources.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Does Sentinel-2 Have a Thermal Infrared Sensor?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Unfortunately, Sentinel-2 does not have a Thermal Infrared Sensor. Instead, it&#8217;s equipped with <a href=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/multispectral-vs-hyperspectral-imagery-explained\/\">multispectral instruments<\/a>. It can capture images in visible, near-infrared, and shortwave infrared light.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kb-image90908_058196-37 .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;}<\/style>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-kadence-image kb-image90908_058196-37 size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"678\" height=\"354\" src=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Sentinel-2-Bands-678x354.png\" alt=\"Sentinel-2 Bands\" class=\"kb-img wp-image-20186\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Sentinel-2-Bands-678x354.png 678w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Sentinel-2-Bands-300x157.png 300w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Sentinel-2-Bands-50x26.png 50w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Sentinel-2-Bands-200x104.png 200w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Sentinel-2-Bands-425x222.png 425w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Sentinel-2-Bands-550x287.png 550w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Sentinel-2-Bands-135x70.png 135w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Sentinel-2-Bands-115x60.png 115w, https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Sentinel-2-Bands.png 755w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 678px) 100vw, 678px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>For thermal infrared imaging, satellites like <a href=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/landsat-8-bands-combinations\/\">Landsat 8<\/a> use TIRS. Also, Terra is equipped with the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) at 90m resolution.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) on Landsat<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Landsat&#8217;s Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) helps us <strong>see Earth&#8217;s heat from space<\/strong>. Because of this, we can better understand our climate, help farmers, and protect water.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Want to see the TIRS in action? Try out the <a href=\"https:\/\/livingatlas.arcgis.com\/landsatexplorer\/\">Landsat Explorer<\/a>. In the bottom-right, select &#8220;surface temperature&#8221; and pan to your area of interest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Have you ever used the <strong>thermal infrared band<\/strong> for remote sensing analysis? We&#8217;d love to hear from you. Please add your questions and comments below.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Landsat&#8217;s Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) measures the Earth&#8217;s surface temperature by focusing on the infrared part of the light spectrum.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":90909,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[92],"tags":[459],"class_list":["post-90908","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-remote-sensing","tag-remote-sensing-types"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) on Landsat - GIS 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